摘要:

The study was designed to investigate, by weekly thyrotropin-releasing hormone tests, possible patterns of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) responses which may indicate therapeutic mechanisms of antidepressant and neuroleptic drugs in patients with depressive and paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome during their process of recovery (3–9 weeks). 65 depressed women and 33 paranoid-hallucinatory women have been studied while on antidepressant (clomipramine) or neuroleptic (haloperidol) treatment, respectively. Four patterns of TSH response were observed. Patients with a pattern of a ‘disblunting TSH response’ (normalization of an abnormal low response) during drug treatment had a significantly higher chance to recover compared to patients with other TSH response patterns. This finding was independent of psychopathological features and drugs used for treatment. A hypothesis of’malactivation’ as a pathogenetic indicator of various psychotic states is being

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118081

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

a.m. and p.m. serum cortisol levels were investigated in a group of 53 patients before the start of long-term lithium therapy (I) and again after 4 months (II) and 12 months (III) on lithium. The patients were assessed by means of the CPRS and scores for 28 depression items were calculated. When 5 patients with manic/hypomanic scores were excluded the remainder (n = 48) showed a significant decrease in a.m. serum cortisol levels after 1 year on lithium. Those patients with the greatest differences between the CPRS scores before lithium and after 12 months on lithium also displayed significant differences between a.m. and p.m. cortisol levels before the start of lithium and after 12 months of lithium therapy.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118082

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The ratio of integrated EEG amplitude from left and right temporal areas was analyzed during sleep in normal subjects for two consecutive nights. The results showed that the differences between the subjects were similar in both nights and were much larger than the differences between the stages of sleep. No significant variation was found between stages, although stage 1 tended to show greater relative right activation in night 1. Also, the relative right activation was greater in wakefulness in night 2 as compared to night 1. The classification of the correlation coefficients between stages corresponded to the physiological transitions between stages, suggesting that the small source of variance due to sleep stage contains relevant information.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118083

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Comparison of the effect of general and local anesthesia on serum prolactin and cortisol concentrations in response to the stress of dilatation and curettage revealed that short surgical procedures under general anesthesia resulted in no significant change in mean serum cortisol and in a significant decrease in mean serum prolactin. By contrast, short surgical procedures under local anesthesia resulted in a significant increase in serum prolactin and cortisol concentrations. Our findings support the importance of using general anesthesia during dilatation and curettage.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118084

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of oral doses of diazepam (single dose of 10 mg and a median dose of 30 mg/day for 2 weeks) and propranolol (single dose of 80 mg and a median dose of 240 mg/day for 2 weeks) on psychological performance of patients with panic disorders and agoraphobia were investigated in a double-blind, randomized and crossover design. Both drugs impaired immediate free recall but the decrease was greater for diazepam than propranolol. Delayed free recall was also impaired but the two drugs did not differ. Paitents tapped faster after propranolol than diazepam and they were more sedated after diazepam than propranolol. After 2 weeks of treatment, patients tested 5–8 h after the last dose of medication did not show any decrement of performance. These results are similar to those previously found in healthy subjects. Accumulation of drugs was not reflected in prolonged behavioral impairmen

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118085

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A double-blind comparison of zimeldine, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, and nomifensme, a noradrenaline and a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, was carried out in 43 inpatients with a scheduled treatment period of 6 weeks. All patients were diagnosed as definite major depressive disorder according to Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), and the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). The antidepressive efficacy was evaluated by a 10-item subscale of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS), a clinical global impression (CGI) scale and a self-rating scale (VAMS). Side effects were recorded, and anticholinergic effect was evaluated by parotid saliva volume measurement. No statistically significant differences in efficacy or profile between the two drugs were demonstrable. With the exception of increased sweating in the zimeldine group there were no statistically significant differences in side effects.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118086

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

37 lithium-treated patients, 6 prelithium patients and 12 healthy volunteers were studied regarding relative and absolute numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets defined with monoclonal antibodies (OKT4, OKT8). Prelithium patients did not differ significantly from healthy volunteers. The relative and absolute numbers of OKT4 cells were lower in lithium-treated patients than in the controls. The relative number of OKT8 cells increased with increasing duration of lithium therapy. Abnormally high as well as low OKT4/OKT8 ratios were found in lithium-treated patients. OKT4/OKT8 ratios were negatively correlated to the duration of lithium therapy. The urinary concentration capacity was significantly lower in patients with low OKT4/OKT8 ratio than in the other lithium-treated patients. It is concluded that lithium in therapeutic doses may have immunomodulatory effects.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118087

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

48 acute paranoic schizophrenics were treated by high or low dosages of haloperidol and rated for improvement after 3 weeks of treatment. The treatment effect was a differential one in that so-called plus-type schizophrenics improved from low dosages of haloperidol while so-called minus-type schizophrenics improved from high dosages of haloperidol. Testing for differential effects was made by 3-way configural frequency analysis.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118088

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The study was designed to study the possible role of dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in pituitary gonadal function following activity stress. 3 groups of rats were caged individually. 1 group of rats (AW) was fed for 1 h each day and had free access to a running wheel. The 2nd group (FC) had no access to a running wheel and received exactly the same amount of food as animals of the AW group. The 3rd group (UC) had 24-hour access to food. AW rats showed a gradual increase in running activity which accompanied a gradual decrease in food consumption. AW rats were sacrificed, together with their matched FC counterpart and a UC control rat, on the day that their food consumption fell below 4 g/day. The brains were dissected into nine specific areas and subjected to analysis for dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), serotonin (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Trunk blood was analyzed for serum levels of testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH) and corticosterone (C), and weights of testes and epididymides were recorded. Both activity stress and restricted food intake resulted in a fall in serum levels of T and LH. Elevated levels were found for DOPAC in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain of activity-stressed rats. Levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were lower in the hypothalamus of these animals. Data analysis suggests a dopaminergic and serotonergic involvement in pituitary-gonadal function under activity-stress conditions.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118089

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study compared the effects of single nightly doses of flurazepam 30 mg and temazepam 40 mg upon both the subjective assessment of sleep quality and performance on 3 tests of mental efficiency 10 h following medication. 12 male and 12 female non-smoker subjects took part, none of whom experienced sleep difficulties. In comparison with their respective placebos, both hypnotics produced marked and significant improvements in the quality, depth and duration of sleep, and reduced the difficulty that the female subjects experienced in getting to sleep. Flurazepam also produced a significant increase in satisfaction with sleep together with significant reductions in the number of awakenings during the night and the level of clearheadedness on waking. The major test of performance was a continuous 20-min rapid visual information processing task. It was found that for both sexes during each of the two consecutive 10-min periods of performance flurazepam produced highly significant residual impairments in both the speed of reaction and the accuracy of detection, while temazepam had no effect. Overall the results indicate that flurazepam produces a wider range of improvements in sleep quality than temazepam at the cost of less clearheadedness on waking and residual impairments in sustained rapid information processing.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118090

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger