摘要:

The lithium sensitivity of forskolin- and fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was investigated in rat brain homogenates in vivo and in vitro. The unstimulated and fluoride-stimulated activity was not affected by lithium, while the forskolin stimulation exhibited a pronounced inhibition by this cation. Furthermore, if Mn2+ was substituted for Mg2+ in the assay media, the forskolin-stimulated activity was even more sensitive to lithium. The results indicate an action of lithium mainly on the catalytic moiety in the adenylate cyclase system. However, the effect cannot be direct on this protein, since the unstimulated activity was unaffected. The action is rather on the microenvironment surrounding this protein, thereby interfering with a possible conformational change of the adenylate cyclase of importance for the activation of this enzyme.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118100

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Peptides related to the C-terminal part of cholecystokinin, including ceruletide, were found to be active in a number of behavioral test procedures in rats, predicting antipsychotic action. In a subsequent clinical trial ceruletide was administered intramuscularly in a dose of 40 µg twice for 2 consecutive weeks to 6 neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic patients following a single-blind design. In 3 patients, a pronounced long-lasting antipsychotic effect was observed, while in the other 3 the response was less marked. It is suggested that ceruletide may be a potential antipsychotic peptide

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118101

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum levels of amitriptyline plus nortriptyline were measured by radioimmunoassay at 1 and 6 weeks in depressed out-patients treated with amitriptyline for 6 weeks. Serum concentrations at 6 weeks were higher in older patients. Serum levels showed no relationship to clinical response at 6 weeks, and a week inverse relationship with response at 2 weeks. Routine monitoring of serum levels appears to be of little value in depressed out-patients treated with amitriptyline.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118102

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Premenstrual tension was studied in 16 females, using both biochemical and psychological parameters during the pre- and postmenstrual phases. Uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and the levels of 5-HT in platelet-rich plasma and platelet-poor plasma were determined. Degrees of distress experienced pre- and postmenstrually were quantified via the Moos menstrual distress questionnaire. The mean Vmax was significantly lower during the premenstrual (tension) phase (8.2 ± 0.9 pmol/min) as compared to the postmenstrual (normal) phase (14.4 ± 3.2 pmol/min). There was no significant difference in the Km values. A highly significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the levels of 5-HT in platelet-rich plasma (–23.2%) and platelet-poor plasma (-19.1%) was found during the premenstrual phase. There were correlations between the kinetic parameters of 5-HT uptake and some of the Moos sympt

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118103

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A relation between abnormal response of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and a personal history of violent suicidal behavior was observed in a sample of 60 depressive women. Patients with a blunted TSH response to TRH were also at greater risk for subsequent suicide. There was no relationship between TSH response to TRH and age, severity of depression and polarity of the illness.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118104

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The authors have studied the performances of the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) in 107 hospitalized patients diagnosed according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and Feighner’s criteria. The best performances of the DST are obtained for the diagnosis of primary depressed patients, suffering from a major depressive disorder. With the combination of these two diagnostic criteria, we found a sensitivity of 81 %, a specificity of 81 % and the diagnostic confidence of a positive test is 93%. Our study also shows 90% of abnormal DST results in schizoaffective disorder, depressed type, and no significant difference of the mean cortisol plasma levels at 4 p.m. after dexamethasone administration between depressed schizoaffective patients and major depressives. The finding of a better therapeutic response to antidepressive treatments in DST nonsuppressor patients than in suppressors is of interest for the predictive value of the DST in relation to treatment respons

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118105

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The interrater reliability of the AMP system and the Comprehensive Psychiatric Rating Scale (CPRS) was compared in a sample of 30 hospitalized schizophrenic or depressive patients. The CPRS proved to have on average a slightly higher reliability on both the level of items and primary scales. The reliability of the secondary scales was nearly identical.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118106

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

50 hospitalized endogenously depressed patients (age 20–60 years, HAM-D ≧ 18) were treated daily with 3 × 50 mg imipramine or 3 × 100 mg binedaline. Clinical and laboratory assessments were done before and on days 1, 3, 5, 15 and 30 of treatment. Mean Hamilton and Zung scores were statistically significant lower on day 30 when compared with pretreatment scores. No psychiatric, clinical or statistical differences were noted between the two groups. The efficacy of the clinical global impression scale was slightly higher in the binedaline groups. Frequency of side effects (specially anticholinergic) was lower in the binedaline group. Conclusion:binedaline is equally effective as imipramine, but with less side ef

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118107

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In contrast to the usual type of drug studies it is not our intention to single out specific drug effects, but we are interested in cognitive-psychomotor functioning of psychiatric patients across various periods of therapy, whether due to drug treatment or to underlying mental-affective disorders. 3 groups of psychiatric male patients (7 anxious/inhibited depressives, 7 schizophrenics, 6 patients with psychotic episodes) matched for age (mean = 30 years) and education (no academic trainig) with a group of healthy controls (n = 7) were examined three times during the first 6–8 weeks of their ordinary clinical therapy. The major criterion for the inclusion of a patient next to these diagnostic categories was an initial favorable response to the specified drugs (amitriptyline for the depressives, haloperidol for the schizophrenics, and thioridazine for the patients with psychotic episodes). Each subject was tested in an experimental laboratory with respect to cognitive-psychomotor performance (vigilance, divided attention, choice reaction time), mood, subjective fitness for driving, depression, and paranoia. All groups of patients improved significantly between the acute and the chronic phase. However, healthy controls showed a sharper increase of achievement. While the depressives and the patients with psychotic episodes function on a level of questionable fitness for driving, schizophrenics vary greatly intra- and interindividually, generally on a lower leve

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118108

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two experiments were designed to investigate the side-effects on motor performance of the new tetracyclic antidepressant, pirlindole, in healthy volunteers. First, pirlindole was compared with imipramine and placebo. In the second study the interaction of pirlindole with a small amount of ethanol (0.4 g 17 vol%/kg) was analysed. Ratings of subjective feelings and measurements of sensorimotor performance (simple and choice reaction, tracking) of the pirlindole-treated group did not differ from those of the placebo group, whereas imipramine caused a change of the subjective condition to more lethargy and a greater delay of the simple reaction time. The effects of pirlindole proved to be unaffected by ethanol.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118109

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger