摘要:

Water and electrolyte contents in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) were studied in 46 patients with depressive syndromes of various etiology (bipolar, unipolar, psychogenic) before and after 14 days of imipramine treatment. Initial low RBC sodium levels were characteristic of patients with bipolar depression. A significant increase in RBC sodium was observed after imipramine treatment in a group of good imipramine responders. RBC sodium changes in psychogenic patients after imipramine were different from those observed in endogenous (bipolar plus unipolar) ones. A fall in plasma calcium levels was shown in the course of imipramine administration mostly in patients with favourable response to the drug.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117789

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The relation of ABO blood types to obsessional personality traits, as measured by the Leyton Obsessional Inventory (LOI), was studied in a sample of 600 normal individuals. High scorers of the LOI trait portion demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of phenotype 0 and a significantly higher incidence of phenotypes AB, A and B, taken together, compared to those of a general population sample and the entire study group. Findings of the present study, in conjunction with previous findings concerning a lower incidence of phenotype 0 and a higher incidence of phenotype A in obsessive compulsive patients, could be interpreted as indicating that phenotype·may be associated with personality traits hindering the development of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117743

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Many authors have stressed the role of serotonin in mood disorders and some aspects of schizophrenia. Cerebral serotonin synthesis depends on the quantity of circulating free tryptophan not bound to albumin. It thus appeared interesting to estimate the two forms of tryptophan by measuring their plasmatic concentration as well as the free/total tryptophan ratio. These evaluations were performed by an automatic spectrofluorimetric method. 19 blood samples were analyzed from normal subjects and 47 from schizophrenic or manic-depressive patients including treated and untreated cases. The only significant differences in the free/total tryptophan ratio were reported in untreated paranoid schizophrenics and in anxiety cases. A dual nosological and symptomatical approach was adopted in the course of attempted correlation with biological data in order to underline the possible role of symptomatic elements common to different diagnoses. The results for melancholia agreed with those reported in the literature (4). In the case of schizophrenia, however, there are only a few reports and no discrimination has been made between untreated and treated patients or between the different types of schizophrenia. The clinical picture is different for paranoid schizophrenia which is the delusive aspect of the disease and for hebephrenic schizophrenia. It seems fairly logical to find opposite results in delusive mania and paranoid schizophrenia compared to melancholia, since delusive mania and paranoid schizophrenia have similar symptomatology which is the opposite of that found in melancholic depression.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117744

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117745

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The beneficial effect of estrogens on L-dopa-induced dyskinesias and on tardive dyskinesia has recently been reported. In this open pilot study, conjugated estrogens (CE) were administered to 20 male chronic psychiatric patients (age range: 29-63). All except 1 were still on neuroleptic medication and 8 of them were still receiving an antiparkinsonian agent. Patients were divided into 4 equal groups. Groups I and II ( 52 years old) were treated identically. A significant decrease (p < 0.006) in intensity or disappearance of one type of dyskinesia was observed in each group (4 of 5 patients). No definite trend was noted in neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism, or apparent change in the mental condition of the patients. The functioning of the extrapyramidal system reveals itself therefore, increasingly complex if this antidopaminergic action of estrogens is added. Indeed, it had been hypothesized lately that in addition to dopamine and acetylcholine, substances like GABA and enkephalin could also be involved in its regulation. The relationship between dopamine and estrogens is interesting as the presence of catechol estrogens, compounds that might play an important role in neuroendocrine regulation, has been demonstrated in some areas of rat brain. Finally, with respect to hormones, the reported prompt and transitory rise in serum prolactin level after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may reflect a possible involvement of endorphins, at least in part, in the therapeutic effect of ECT. The possible influence of this form of treatment on extrapyramidal symptoms in relation with this is briefly discussed.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117746

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Previous endocrine investigations have demonstrated the presence of multiple impairments of pituitary-target gland function in heroin addicts suggesting a possible hypothalamic involvement. Since the response of the pituitary to nonspecific stimuli is considered an expression of hypothalamic dysfunction, indicating a disconnection between the central nervous system and the anterior pituitary, we thought it worthwhile to study the GH response to stimulation with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in heroin addicts. 23 male heroin addicts, aged 18-40 years, with histories of addiction to heroin alone from 8 months to 4 years, and daily i.v. heroin intakes between 200 and 2,500 mg of the drug (containing 18% of pure heroin) were studied. 8 patients received TRH 500 µg, GnRH 150 µg and 5 saline only, intravenously, and GH levels were assayed radioimmunologically in bloods taken 3Omin before, at the moment of stimulation and 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min thereafter. The results show normal basal GH levels. Stimulation with TRH and GnRH induced marked GH hypersecretion in 8 of the 18 patients examined. These results suggest that the hypothalamopituitary function may be impaired in heroin addictio

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117747

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

40 randomly selected patients with bipolar, unipolar and schizoaffective illness were interviewed about their 85 male and female first-degree offspring using the Conner’s Parent Questionnaire and the Greenhill Brief Sociopathy Scale. Although there was a conspicuous absence of homologous illness in the offspring, the highest incidence of psychiatric symptoms was found in male offspring and adopted offspring of all diagnostie categories and the male and female children of bipolar parents. One third of the bipolar probands and one-fourth of the unipolar probands were reported by their parents to have motor-behavior problems. The symptom profile may be the harbinger to forbode more formal psychiatric difficulties in adulthoo

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117748

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Microinjections of morphine in optimal doses into the medial thalamus (40 µg) and periaqueductal gray matter (10–20 µg) produce slow-wave sleep with abondant spindles, in addition to analgesia. Like analgesia, the sleep-inducing effect is blocked by naloxone (1 mg/kg i.v., l60 µg i.c). One may therefore conclude that the effect is related to the agonistic action of morphine on endorphin receptors. It is thus probable that the endorphins constitue a regulatory system acting on the medullary-thalamic sleep-inducing structures which generate the sleep spindles. At higher dose levels, injections of morphine into the same structures produce behavioral agitation resembling the dissociated REM sleep described by Jouvet and which is not blocked by naloxone. The agitation might be due to an indirect action of morphine, and therefore of endorphin receptors, acting on monoaminergic struct

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117749

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117750

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger