摘要:

The method presented is based on the 3-dimensional bioclinical examination of autistic children. The covariations of behavior ratings, electrophysiological (cortical evoked potentials) and biochemical (urinary monoamine metabolites) measurements are analyzed. The systematic application of these markers provides precise information for a more rational application of therapeutics. It could help to better understand the underlying mechanisms of autism.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118604

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Methysergide, a congener of LSD and potent serotonin (5-HT) antagonist, induced a florid transient psychosis resembling an LSD psychosis in a patient with spasmodic torticollis with a family history of schizophrenia. Thirteen years later he developed a major depression. A variety of other drug challenges and treatments for his torticollis had no psychotomimetic effect. Blockade of 5-HT receptors may subserve methysergide-induced psychosis.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118605

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Intermittent short-lived episodes of depression were examined in a group of 20 recurrent suicidal attempters without major depression, classified misleadingly as borderline personality disorders on DSM-IIIR, during careful prospective follow-up for between 4 and 6 months. The duration of depressions clustered tightly around a median of 3 days with two thirds lasting between 2 and 4 days. They occurred erratically and unpredictably with a median interval of 18 days and were seen to be moderate to severe measured on the MADRS in 70% of episodes.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118606

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Previous data on dissociation studies of [3H]-imipramine and [3H]-paroxetine binding to the human platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) transporter have suggested that the binding is heterogeneous in nature and/or is subject to allosteric modifications through a separate low affinity site. The platelet 5-HT transporter is often used as a biological marker in psychiatric conditions. Therefore, it was of interest to further characterize the 5-HT uptake site by using [3H]-paroxetine. The 5-HT uptake inhibitors tested (citalopram, clomipramine, imipramine, norzimeldine and paroxetine) and 5-HT itself produced competitive inhibition patterns in saturation experiments, suggesting that these agents bind to the same site. In dissociation experiments in the presence of the 5-HT uptake inhibitors, the half-time values for dissociation were the same, whereas 5-HT slowed the dissociation. These data suggest that with the concentrations used of the 5-HT uptake inhibitors, they do not modify the 5-HT transporter. However, in the presence of 5-HT, the [3H]-paroxetine dissociation is decreased, suggesting an allosteric modification of the [3H]-paroxetine binding site.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118607

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118608

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Three anxiolytic drugs (bromazepam 3 mg, buspirone 10 mg, and clobazam 10 mg p.o.) were evaluated for their effects on memory, psychomotor performance and subjective response in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 20 healthy volunteers. At each session, measurements were made before and 2 and 6 h after drug administration. The psychometric tests used were the images test, digit/symbol substitution test (DSST), choice reaction time (CRT), and critical fusion frequency (CFF). Free recall after 30 s in the 2-hour session was altered for all 3 drugs as compared to placebo (p < 0.01), but in the 6-hour session only bromazepam showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). The number of symbols reproduced by subjects during DSST was significantly decreased by bromazepam and buspirone as compared to placebo (p < 0.05), whereas clobazam showed no differences with placebo. Analysis of variance for all four treatments (the 3 drugs and the placebo) showed no differences at recognition time or for motor response in CRT, except between bromazepam and clobazam after 6 h (p < 0.05). None of the drugs altered performance during CFF (except bromazepam), and clobazam actually improved performance. All the drugs studied disturbed acquisition phenomena or restitution of memory; however, only bromazepam and buspirone significantly modified performance during DSST and disturbed the recognition and processing of sensory data.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118609

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fifteen male paranoid schizophrenics underwent an initial 4-week therapy with haloperidol 7.5 mg/day, and a subsequent 4-week treatment with haloperidol 15 mg/day, p.o. (group I). Another 15 male paranoid schizophrenics received an initial 4-week treatment with haloperidol 30 mg/day, and a subsequent 4-week therapy with haloperidol 60 mg/day, p.o. (group II). In each group of patients, serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) levels were measured before treatment and at the end of the two consecutive periods of treatment. A dose-related increase in serum PRL levels was found in both groups of medicated patients. Serum LH levels were not significantly affected by haloperidol treatment. A significant decrease in serum T levels was detected only in group II medicated patients, i.e., in the patients who were treated with relatively high daily doses (30 or 60 mg/day) of haloperidol.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118610

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The measurement of cortisol in saliva provides the basic scientist as well as the clinician with a reliable tool for investigations of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Since saliva samples can be obtained stress-free and independent from medically trained personnel this method may be well suited for use in psychobiological studies. This overview intends to give a comprehensive introduction to the method of salivary cortisol assessment and to briefly discuss its application in different scientific disciplines.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118611

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118612

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger