摘要:

The estimation of serum prolactin (Prl) and norepinephrine (NE) in chronic schizophrenics treated with neuroleptics for 5–25 years showed no elevated Prl levels in either men or women (4.9 ± 4.1 and 13.7 ± 12.1 ng/ml, respectively). No significant correlation to duration or dosage of neuroleptic treatment, psychopathological syndromes and occurrence of tardive dyskinesia or parkinsonian side effects could be seen. The development of tolerance of the tuberoinfundibular dopamine system is discussed. The NE levels were distinctly elevated in both sexes; in men up to 0.77 ± 0.4 and in women up to 0.90 ± 0.48 ng/ml. This elevationis induced rather by neuroleptic treatment than by external factors. A significant relationship between dosage or duration of anticholinergic treatment and the severity of tardive dyskinesia was found i

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117751

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study was undertaken following a first paper describing cerebral clinicopathological correlations in aphasiology using computerized axial tomography. Its originality lies in the fact that we studied the correlations starting from the lesional sites and deducing the aphasiologic diagnosis. Our conclusions are similar but show that a small proportion of the patients do not follow the usual pattern of correlations. In view of future prospective studies, the authors emphasize the importance of information to analyze and compare well-individualized clinical syndromes. We suggest that such clinicopathological correlations could be used in other fields of neuropsychology.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117752

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A sample of schizophrenic inpatients and a control sample of normal volunteers, matched for age and sex were tested on two tasks before and after an exposure condition in which they pointed repeatedly to a target while viewing their hands and the target through prisms. Both groups showed significant changes in both tasks – judging the straight-ahead, and pointing to a single target without sight of the hands. The groups did not differ from each other in the amount of changes in straight-ahead judgments, but normals showed greater adaptive change in the pointing task. These results contradict earlier reports that schizophrenics fail to adapt to altered visual-proprioceptive inputs; but they also help distinguish between modes of proprioceptive utilization that do and do not differentiate schizophrenics from normal

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117753

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

114 patients suffering from an endogenomorphic affective illness were typed for HLA antigens at the A and B loci, and the frequencies were compared with those of a control panel numbering 439 individuals. Using new analytical procedures, a large number of tests were conducted, but no convincing evidence for an association of HLA types with affective disorders was obtained. A reanalysis of the same data, where patients are classifíed according to Danish diagnostic criteria, yields a marginally signifícant association of the B locus alleles. The sample sizes for this latter analysis were small, the test criteria are undoubtedly inflated, and no compelling case can be made for a useful associatio

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117754

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two groups of 20 agitated and retarded depressed psychiatric patients were compared with a group of volunteer controls. Clinical ratings and changes in electrodermal activity, digital pulse volume (DPV), reaction and movement times were studied during: (1) relaxation; (2) nonsignal sensory, and (3) signal sensory stimulation. All participants received two blocks of six randomized trials of visual and auditory nonsignal sensory stimulation, and three blocks of seven trials of signal sensory stimuli in a reaction time counterbalanced design. The results were: (a) basal skin resistance was significantly higher for both depressed groups; (b) number of spontaneous electrodermal responses failed to differentiate controls from depressed patients; (c) magnitude of skin resistance responsivity during nonsignal sensory stimulation was not significantly different among the three groups; (d) DPV changes did differentiate retarded depressives from controls and agitated depressed patients, and (e) mean visual, auditory and tactile reaction and movement times were significant discriminators between controls and depressed groups. Although the results of the present investigation support earlier studies of agitated and retarded depression, it is proposed that a more substantive issue in studying depression in future should be the elucidation of the mediation and production hypotheses of depressed patients.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117755

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A considerable amount of evidence indicates that the brain tryptophan level depends on circulating tryptophan. Changes of tryptophan concentration have also been described to modify the activity of benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants. In the present study, a series of psychoactive drugs have been preliminarily screened for their activity on brain and plasma tryptophan levels. The results obtained suggest that tryptophan may be involved to varying extents in the activity of different psychoactive compounds.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117756

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

99 ‘therapy-resistant’ depressive out-patients were treated with l-5-hydroxytrypto-phan combined with the peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, carbidopa. This treatment produced an astonishing recovery without side effects in some 50% of the patie

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117757

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger