摘要:

To confirm previous quantitative EEG findings in major depressive disorder and to assess effects of medication, EEGs were recorded under eyes closed and open conditions in 68 patients (34 unmedicated and 34 medicated) and nonpatients matched for age and sex. Time series analyses of amplitude, frequency and wave symmetry were performed; differences between eyes open and closed were adjusted for eyes closed values to obtain measures of reactivity. These reactivity measures yielded the main differences between unmedicated patients and nonpatients; depressives were more reactive. Reactivity differences were eliminated or reversed in medicated patients. The EEGs of unmedicated depressives appear to be overreactive, while medications decrease EEG reactivity.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118455

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We found diurnal weight gain to be abnormal in chronic psychosis. Nineteen chronically psychotic patients were weighed daily at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. for 1 year. We normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and then dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. NDWG was 2.714 ± 0.824% for the 19 study patients, 0.631 ± 0.405% for 16 acutely psychotic controls and 0.511 ± 0.351 % for 29 normals. All the study patients had NDWG values above the upper limit of normal. There were no seasonal differences (p < 0.0001) in NDWG of the study sample. Sex, diagnoses, vital signs, and drugs did not explain our findin

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118456

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Dioxyphenylacetyl-L-DOPA was synthesized and shown to be resistant toward oxidative cyclization in the presence of plasma and brain extracts. This new DOPA derivative is slightly inhibitory towards monoamine oxidase (IC50 2.5 mM) and the synaptosomal uptake of dopamine (IC50 0.35 mM) and acts as an antagonist of haloperidol (IC50 0.6 µM) in displacing 3H-spiroperidol from isolated dopamine receptors. The substance, although more hydrophobic than DOPA, overcomes the blood-brain barrier to a lower extent than DOPA and lowers the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the left and right hemisphere of mice treated with it for 10 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Dioxyphenylacetyl-L-DOPA inhibits red cell hypotonic hemolysis and brain Na/K+-ATPase activity in vitro and potentiates the barbiturate-induced sleep

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118457

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The pharmacokinetic profiles of oral and sublingual administrations of prazepam 20 mg to 5 normal volunteers were compared in order to explain the clinical observation that sublingual prazepam appears to exhibit sedative properties when compared to the same dose of oral prazepam. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic evaluation were collected just before drug intake and 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30, 45, 60, 90 min, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 24 h after drug intake. The study was performed in double-blind and crossover conditions. Serum levels of prazepam and its major metabolite N-desmethyl-diazepam were measured by HPLC. No prazepam was detected at a concentration higher than 20 ng/ml (limit of detection) whereas N-desmethyl-diazepam reached concentrations around 140 ng/ml. To correlate this observation with the clinical data, the affinity of prazepam and N-desmethyl-diazepam was compared measuring their ability to displace 50% of 3H-fl·unitrazepam bound to benzodiazepine receptors contained in synaptosomal preparation obtained from rat brain. N-desmethyl-diazepam was 17-fold more potent than prazepam. This data suggests that prazepam is a pro-drug which is transformed to the active compound N-desmethyl-diazepam and that the difference in clinical observation with both administrations could be correlated to N-desmethyl-diazepam concentration-time curves. Nevertheless, the comparison of the area under the N-desmethyl-diazepam serum concentration-time curves, the maximum concentrations, the times when the maximum concentrations were observed and the times needed to detect a significant level after oral and sublingual administration did not show statistical difference. This lack of statistical difference between the two administrations hampers a direct pharmacokinetic interpretation of the clinical observation that sublingual administration of prazepam appears to exhibit more subjective sedative properties than oral administration

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118458

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ratings of perceived exertion and neuroendocrine reactivity (plasma catecholamines) were measured in type A and type B student volunteers during a metabolically equivalent physical stressor (cycle ergometry). Analysis of variance demonstrated that type A underrated the perception of exertion as compared to type B. Therefore, this neuropsychobiological interaction could partly explain the relationship between type A and the tissue pathology in the development of accentuated coronary heart disease.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118459

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aim of this paper was to determine whether the prolonged decrease in seizure threshold produced by chemical kindling was accompanied by behavioural changes in tests of anxiety and aggression. The responses of rats in five tests were examined after chronic treatment with the benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG7142. This treatment caused chemical kindling, so that the originally proconvulsant drug caused full seizures. This effect is very long-lasting, and our previous work with mice had suggested that it might be accompanied by an increase in anxiety-related behaviour. In the present work no significant differences were found between the behaviour of FG7142-kindled rats and vehicle-treated controls in social interaction test, elevated plus maze, or the Vogel conflict test of anxiety or in tests of home cage aggression or startle responses. The results therefore show that prolonged changes in seizure threshold can occur without alterations in the apparent level of anxiety.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118460

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study was carried out in 10 healthy male volunteers to investigate the effects of subcutaneously administered single doses of 4 and 8 mg morphine and 2.5 and 5 mg of a new centrally acting analgesic with a benzomorphane structure. After an adaptation session, each subject received all five treatments in a random sequence at intervals of 1 week. Quantified EEG, cardiovascular and behavioral parameters, quantitative respiratory measurements, body temperature, symptom reports, pain threshold estimates, and blood drug assays were used to assess the effects of the drugs. The measurement battery was completed before injection and after 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 min. In addition, EEG, blood samples and respiratory signals were also taken during/after the first 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min. As the new compound did not show any obvious advantages over morphine, only the results with the latter substance are reported here. As the main effects of morphine on the EEG a dose-dependent slowing and monorhythmization of alpha and an increase of the average frequency of fast beta activity were observed. Slow EEG waves tended to decrease. Heart rate and body temperature decreased, whereas there was no discernible effect on blood pressure. Subjects reported feelings of drowsiness, muzziness, lethargy and mental slowness. The pain threshold increased. All these effects had a maximum between min 120 and 240, although the highest blood levels of the parent drug were measured 10–25 min after drug administration. An explanation for this delay might be that the pharmacological effects are due not to free morphine but to one of its metabolite

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118461

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the present study, using an automatic method to discriminate the stages of sleep-wakefulness, 180 control recordings on 15 chronically implanted cats were examined. In addition to a quantitative analysis, some aspects of the sleep-wakefulness architecture were considered, especially the nature and the distribution of the sleep phases that lead to paradoxical sleep (normal sequences) or to wakefulness (abortive sequences). Taken together, these features allow the definition of a ‘control profile’ which could be useful for the better characterization of drug effe

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118462

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118463

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118464

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger