摘要:

The antiaggressive action and the side effects of a new neuroleptic, milenperone, were evaluated in 21 oligophrenic patients by means of a double-blind randomized pilot study in comparison with placebo. Only 3 patients appeared to be psychotic, 2 from the milenperone group and 1 from the placebo group. In this study, milenperone was added to the existing psychotropic medication as an adjuvant. The test substance was administered in a dose of 2 × 10 mg daily for 6 weeks. The results were evaluated by means of the Paranoid Belligerence Scale and the improvement of the target symptoms were visualized on the Visual Analogue Line. Although, in the last 3 weeks of the study, the aggressiveness scores had decreased more in the milenperone group than in the placebo group, the difference between both studied groups was not significant. This lack of clear result may probably be ascribed to the high standard deviations, together with the small number of patients per group. The severity and frequency of the side effects remained almost unchanged during the investigation and were independent of the substance administered: milenperone or placebo

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118170

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A series of 66 cases with persecutory affective psychoses was followed up between 5 and 44 years. These psychoses can be considered as a subgroup of catamnestically verified paranoid reactive psychoses. They comprise cases with and without clouded consciousness. The long-term prognosis is best for cases with clouded consciousness at the initial stage of the psychosis. The characteristics of premorbid personality, psychological precipitating factors and psychotic symptomatology are illustrated by several tables.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118171

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

For some time it has been known that total and partial sleep deprivation (in the second half of the night) produces an immediate antidepressive effect and a short-term effect of approximately 1-week duration. A 25-day trial is discussed here. 18 endogenous depressives who proved to be refractory to tricyclic antidepressive therapy were treated with periodic sleep deprivation (5 sleep deprivation treatments in the second half of the night at 5-day intervals) under continued drug therapy. The combined treatment led to a better result than would have been expected from drug therapy alone. Some of the sleep deprivation treatments effected an accelerated remission without the efficacy of treatment subsiding. In individual cases recovery occurred after one or a few partial sleep deprivation sessions. Whether in other respects sleep deprivation shortens the course of depressive phases is still unproven.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118172

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using a sample of 170 patients the psychopathological contents of the AMP system and the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) were compared by canonical correlations. The nine primary AMP scales predict 86% of the variance of the three CPRS scales. 64% of the variance of the nine AMP scales is explained by the CPRS scales. The secondary scales are nearly equivalent. The univariate analysis showed that all AMP scales with the exception of the ‘hostility syndrome’ and the ‘catatonic syndrome’ correlate highly with one of the psychopathological CPRS

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118173

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Mania is a clinical state that could be described as sensation seeking behavior out of control. This article describes the biochemical correlates of the sensation seeking trait in normals including: gonadal hormones, monoamine oxidase, CSF norepinephrine, plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and serotonin. The findings on monoamines and their neuroregulators in manic and depressed states of bipolar affective disorders are also discussed. Some hypotheses are suggested that link the personality disposition with the variations in the clinical state, and make some high sensation seekers ‘at risk’ for the affective disor

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118174

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The conventional sequence of stressful event (stressor) causing stress (biochemical and physiological changes) which, in turn, causes pathological consequences (diseases) is examined. A number of experiments are described which show that biochemical, physiological and/or pathological changes in an organism do not seem to be caused by the aversive or noxious nature of the stressor but by the ability or inability of the organism to deal with this stressor. If an individual can cope successfully with the environmental challenge, little or no stress is experienced, the challenge is viewed as only minimal stressful and no major health consequences seem to arise. If an individual cannot cope or needs a great deal of effort to cope, stress is experienced, the environmental event becomes stressful and major health consequences seem to arise. Thus, coping strategies available to and employed by an individual will determine whether or not stress is experienced, whether or not an event becomes stressful and whether or not pathological consequences will occur.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118175

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sensory and slow cortical evoked potentials (EP) of female smokers were investigated under two conditions in separate sham and real smoking sessions: (1) a non-distraction (ND) condition consisting of a constant foreperiod S1-S2, i.e., a single-choice reaction time situation with a tone (S1)/light (S2) key press sequence, and (2) a task distraction (TD) condition identical to ND with the addition of a short-term memory task consisting of four letters presented within the S1-S2 interval with the requirement that subjects repeat after key press to the light. Two individual EP peaks, N1 and P2, were involved in the amplitude analysis of S1 and S2 stimuli; in addition, the amplitude of the slow contingent negative variation (CNV) developing between S1 and S2 was analyzed. Tobacco significantly altered the amplitude of P2 in response to S1 and CNV amplitudes depending on the pre-experimental expired air carbon monoxide (CO) levels of the smokers. Smokers exhibiting low pre-experimental CO levels evidenced tobacco-induced P2 reductions and CNV increments during the ND condition while subjects exhibiting high pre-experimental CO levels displayed similar cortical changes but in the TD conditions. The results are discussed in relation to the role of nicotine and to improved attention and information processing.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118176

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

10 male volunteers, right-handers, mean age 30.4 years, were recorded in four successive sequences: under ‘eyes closed’ conditions, right and then left hemisphere, followed by an ‘eyes open’ situation with visual attention fixed on a cartoon, right and then left hemisphere recordings. Each EEG recording was made simultaneously over 16 EEG channels for each hemisphere, according to a protocol previously described as well as Fourier analysis and EEG mapping on a minicomputer (HP 5451 C, HP 1000). Each EEG recording was stored on a cartography data base, and 90 maps could be drawn from 10 spectral parameters applied to the raw EEG and 5 frequency bands. Permutation paired Fisher tests were applied to three main EEG parameters: mean centroid frequencies, RMS amplitudes in microvolts and relative (%) amplitudes. Activation of EEG in the ‘eyes open’ situation during visual fixation was found compared to the ‘eyes closed’ situation: decreasing dominant EEG frequency and low δ and θ mean frequencies, no change in a mean α frequency; increasing fast mean β frequencies, together with a major decrease in θ, α, β1 amplitudes, and a concomitant increase in raw EEG, δ and β2 amplitudes. Finally, the percent α amplitude was decreased when other percent amplitudes were increased in δ, θ, β1 and β2 frequency bands. A symmetry between hemispheres was observed in the ‘eyes closed’ situation. Averaged EEG maps between subjects illustrate these findings, especially relative (%) α amplitude maps and also maps of coefficien

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118177

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 10-min cardiac arrest was produced in alfentanil-anesthetised dogs by electrical fibrillation of the heart. Recovery of cerebral function was monitored by 3 separate EEG techniques and visual assessment of neurologic deficit. The EEG techniques were (1) visual scoring, (2) broad-band power spectral analysis and (3) period-amplitude analysis. The treatment group (n = 8) received flunarizine (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) at the beginning of resuscitation, while control animals (n = 8) were given the drug vehicle. A significant improvement in the visual EEG score and neurologic deficit 6 h after insult was noted in flunarizine-treated dogs. The extent of neurologic recovery was significantly correlated with the visual EEG score, with the relative power in the α frequency band (7.5–13.5 c/s) and with the percentage of zero-cross frequen

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118178

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a group of 15 patients with chronic unilateral cerebral ischemia, a quantitative EEG study was performed before, during and after nimodipine (Bay e 9736) infusion (1 µg/kg/min). The EEG was recorded bipolarly from the rolandic region. After computerized EEG analysis, a multiparametric asymmetry score (MAS) was calculated; this MAS provides a sensitive indicator for discrimination between neurologically normal subjects and patients with unilateral ischemia. A positive MAS is characteristic for healthy subjects, a negative one for ischemia patients. During nimodipine treatment, the MAS became more negative (increased EEG asymmetry) in 7 and less negative (decreased EEG asymmetry) in 8 patients. A correlation was found between the direction of the EEG asymmetry changes and the localization of the infarcted area as seen in the CT scan

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118179

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger