摘要:

P300 and contingent negative variation (CNV) were recorded in depressive inpatients with and without history of suicide attempt. The results show a significant reduction of both P300 and CNV in patients who had attempted suicide as compared with patients who had not. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the suicidal risk scale and CNV amplitude. Psychophysiological and biochemical implications are discussed.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119125

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We describe a subject who developed prolonged penile erections on hydroxyzine. Molecular modelling showed that the hydroxyzine metabolite, norchlorcyclizine, has structural and conformational similarities to the trazodone metabolite, m-chlorophenylpiperazine. This suggests that a common pharmacological mechanism may underlie the ability of trazodone and hydroxyzine to induce erections.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119126

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We report a 63-year-old man with a monosymptomatic delusion of unpleasant body odor contracted at the age of 61 years, who believed that his body reeked of some type of paint. He had symmetrical atrophy in the bilateral frontal lobes of unknown etiology on MRI. Further, quantitative rCBF measurement with SPECT brain scan using 99mTc-HMPAO showed relative hypoperfusion localized in the bilateral frontal lobes. EEG, neurological and neuropsychological tests were all normal, including the WAIS-R and Wechsler Memory Scale tests. However, he showed poor results on the Wisconsin Card Sorting test, presumably on account of frontal dysfunction, attaining only two categories with frequent perseverative errors. Although it is undetermined whether the illness in this case can be classified as organic delusional syndrome or paranoid disorder according to DSM-III-R criteria, these results imply that delusions are associated with frontal lobe abnormality.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119127

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Erythrocyte ATP-ase activities were determined in 32 drug-free patients with depression in the course of affective illness, during acute episode, in 24 drug-free patients with schizophrenia, during exacerbation of the illness, and in 25 healthy control subjects. In both depression and schizophrenia, the activities of all three ATP-ases studied (Na-K ATPase, Mg ATPase, Ca-Mg ATPase) were significantly lower than in control subjects. No difference was found between patients with depression in the course of bipolar and unipolar affective illness. In patients with schizophrenia, the activity of Na-K ATPase was lower in the paranoid type of the illness. The results are discussed in the light of contemporary biochemical concepts of major psychoses.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119128

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Growth hormone (GH) and β-endorphin (β-EP) responses to clonidine stimulation were examined in 18 male heroin addicts, 9 with and 9 without previous histories of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD-H) and conduct disorder (CD). Ten psychophysically healthy volunteers were used as controls. ADD-H/CD addicts had blunted GH and β-EP responses as compared to controls while those of non-ADD-H/CD addicts were normal. This suggests that postsynaptic adrenoceptor sensitivity is decreased and, possibly, that presynaptic noradrenaline secretion is increased in ADD-H/CD patients with heroin addicti

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119129

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL·6 levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 14 medicated schizophrenic patients and 9 controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Almost no detectable levels of IL·6 in plasma or CSF from patients or controls were found. With regard to mean plasma or CSF levels of IL-1β there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups investigated. The dose of neuroleptic medication the patients used did not correlate with the IL-1β plasma levels. For the whole series of subjects (n = 23) or for the schizophrenic patients (n = 14) no correlation between the plasma and CSF levels of IL-1β was

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119130

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the olfactory-bulbectomised rat model of depression, neutrophil phagocytosis was significantly decreased and phagocytosis started later in comparison to sham-operated animals. Both desipramine and lithium chloride treatment significantly reversed the depressed neutrophil phagocytosis and shortened the time to commencement of phagocytosis in drug-treated bulbectomised rats. The catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities in bulbectomised rats were decreased, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly increased. Chronic desipramine and lithium chloride treatment slightly improved catalase activity in the bulbectomised rats. Desipramine significantly reversed the reduction in activity of GSH-PX, but failed to reverse the increased activity of SOD. In contrast, lithium chloride significantly reversed SOD activity to normal values, without affecting GSH-PX activity in the bulbectomised rats.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119131

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sex steroid peripheral pattern, pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, gonadotropin and prolactin responses to LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were studied in 35 male epileptics treated with phenobarbital (PB), carbamazepine (CBZ), or phenytoin (PHT), and in age-matched healthy males. Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) was diagnosed in 12 cases and partial epilepsy (PE) in 23 cases. Patients were seizure-free and did not show EEG abnormalities at repeated controls in the last 5 years, so that interfering effects of seizures were possibly excluded. The aim of the study was to evaluate both the role of epileptic syndromes and of antiepileptic drugs on the endocrine function. Changes in sex hormone binding globulin, total and free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and Δ4-androstene-dione were found to be independent of the epileptic syndrome type. The LH response to LHRH was lower in PB-treated PE than in IGE subjects on the same drug regimen. An impairment of LH pulsatility with respect to controls was found in PE but not in IGE patients taking PB. Among antiepileptic drugs, PHT is associated with higher sex hormone binding globulin and estradiol and lower free testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels. PB and CBZ, but not PHT, blunt the LH response to exogenous LHRH in PE. Prolactin responses to TRH were consistently enhanced in PE subjects treated with CBZ or PHT

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119132

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Doctors’ prescription and dosing behaviour was investigated using data from 9 clinical trials in 550 patients treated with psychotropics. 7 trials were conducted under double- and 2 under single-blind conditions. In 3 of these trials, oral and i.m. preparations were used demanding a double-dummy design. All patients were evaluated on a weekly or 2-week basis using psychopathological rating scales (i.e. Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, Clinical Global Impressions, Simpson and Angus EPS). It was found that (a) oral-medication titration was 3- to 4-fold more broad-ranging than i.m. medication titration, (b) oral placebo was titrated to the same extent as the oral investiga-tional drugs, and (c) the titration schedule did not follow protocol requirements. Moreover, the average doses in all drug and placebo groups were the same. Concomitant medication like sleep inducers was found to be more closely related to doctors’ habits than to actual medical need. Independent of trial and investigational drug, 10–33% of all patients received additional sleep ind

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119133

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The change in genetically determined urine odors which appears after experimental bone marrow transplantations in mice was examined in order to test whether the HMC is the only group of genes that influences the chemosensory identity via the hematopoietic system. 5 female rats were trained in a computer-controlled olfactometer to discriminate urine odors of two MHC congenic or background congenic inbred strains of mice. Transfer-of-training tests with urine samples of irradiated mice which were restored with bone marrow either from an MHC congenic or a background congenic inbred strain reveal a change of urinary chemosignals after both types of experimental bone marrow transplantation. Thus, both MHC-associated as well as MHC-independent urinary chemosignals are expressed via the hematopoietic system.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119134

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger