摘要:

An explorative analysis of the relationship between symptomatology and cerebral blood flow in the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) as assessed with 99m L) of tracer uptake at parietotemporal level is demonstrated in CFS as compared with MD.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119307

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The similarities between the serotonin (5-HT) transporter in both human platelets and human brain permit us to investigate this structure in patients with different psychiatric disorders. Several reports have shown abnormalities of the 5-HT transporter, by means of the measurement of the 5-HT uptake or of the 3H-imipramine binding, in platelets of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The availability of the ligand 3H-paroxetine, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, to label the 5-HT transporter, promoted us to evaluate the binding of 3H-paroxetine in platelets of 18 drug-free patients with OCD. The results, showing that the patients had a lower number of 3H-paroxetine sites, which is inversely correlated with the Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale total score, than a similar group of controls, add supporting evidence to the involvement of 5-HT in OCD. In addition, the decreased functionality of the 5-HT transporter seems to be linked to the severity of OC symptoms.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119308

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Patients with depressive spectrum disorder (DSD) have low levels of the nor-epinephrine metabolite, MHPG. This study examines what happens to the low levels of MHPG following improvement of depressive symptoms. Sixteen depressed patients with a family history consistent with DSD showed no change in MHPG after 6 weeks of treatment. This was true for both treatment responders and nonresponders. The lack of change in low levels of MHPG suggests that reduced norepinephrine turnover is a biological trait of DSD patients. Implications of this finding are discussed.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119309

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous and multidimensional disorder. The different syndromes or dimensions of this disorder represent distinct pathophysio-logical processes. Evidence is growing that each of the composite syndromes or dimensions of this disorder is associated with specific validators. This article reviewed neurophysiological and neuropsychological studies in schizophrenia in order to determine the external validators of its syndromes. The review reveals compelling findings in some instances and contradictory findings in other instances.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119310

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The influence of age on platelet 5-HT concentrations was investigated in 85 male unipolar depressed inpatients, 113 male schizophrenic inpatients and 81 normal male controls. The correlation coefficients between platelet 5-HT concentrations and age within groups were very low and nonsignificant. Our results suggest that higher platelet 5-HT content, observed in schizophrenic patients, could not be ascribed to the influence of age.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119311

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a well-established diagnostic probe in neurological practice. The increasing knowledge of biological mechanisms in electroconvulsive therapy presents a clear case for studying the applicability of TMS as a therapeutic tool in psychiatry. Based on the results of our pilot study showing a possible antidepressive effect of TMS, we conducted a controlled clinical trial on patients affected by major depression (DSM-III-R). Group 1 (n = 12) underwent TMS as add-on therapy to standard antidepressive medication, while group 2 (n = 12) was treated only with antidepressive medication. Already after the third add-on TMS session, a statistically significantly greater remission of depressive symptoms occurred in the patients of group 1 (p = 0.003). This statistically significant difference between the groups became even more marked on the last day of the study (p = 0.001, Wilcoxon). The results and further implications of TMS in psychiatric disorders are discussed.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119312

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Thirty-two subjects were tested in five double-blind sessions – 16 subjects in the morning (a.m.) following overnight smoking abstention, and 16 in the afternoon (p.m.) following ad lib smoking. In each session, subjects smoked 1 of 5 cigarettes having the following FTC nicotine/’tar’ yields in mg: 0.08/8.5, 0.17/9.1, 0.37/9.8, 0.48/9.8, and 0.74/10.4. On a pre- to postsmoking basis, blood nicotine and heart rate increased with nicotine yield. The effect of nicotine yield on changes in self-rated anxiety was an inverted-U function, but this effect was possibly confounded by baseline differences. The following effects on EEG spectral-band magnitude were also obtained: (1) nicotine yields > 0.17 mg decreased delta; (2) nicotine yields of 0.37 and 0.48 mg decreased theta in a.m. subjects; (3) nicotine yields > 0.37 mg decreased alpha, the effect being greater in a.m. subjects; (4) no effect of yield on betal was obtained; (5) nicotine yields of 0.48 and 0.74 mg increased the Cz-minus-T5 differential in beta2. Pre- to postsmoking changes in this measure of beta2 were not correlated with either blood nicotine or an

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119313

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119314

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119315

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119306

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger