摘要:

The 24-hour pattern of prolactin, cortisol and growth hormone (GH) secretion, and the diurnal variations of plasma catecholamine levels, were tested in a sample of DSM III schizophrenics and in a control population of patients hospitalized in the same ward and diagnosed as suffering from neurotic disorders. All subjects were acclimated to the ward and kept free from any drug for at least 2 weeks. No difference between schizophrenics and controls was observed with respect to the 24-hour profile of plasma prolactin and cortisol levels. The nocturnal peak of GH secretion was absent in 10 out of the 23 schizophrenics. These patients did not differ from the other schizophrenics with respect to the mean scores on any item of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. The mean plasma noradrenaline levels were significantly higher in schizophrenics than in controls during the wake period, but not during the sleep hours. A consistent decrease of the amine levels during the sleep period was observed in both groups. Since the nocturnal surge of plasma GH concentration has been associated with slow-wave sleep, which has been reported to be reduced in schizophrenic patients, the possibility is considered that this abnormality of sleep pattern can explain the alteration of GH release in schizophrenics. On the other hand, findings concerning plasma noradrenaline are interpreted as an indication that the state of increased autonomic arousal of schizophrenic patients is closely linked to daytime social interaction.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118214

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The relationship between CSF somatostatin and peripheral thyroid hormones was assessed in 11 affectively ill patients before and during carbamazepine treatment. A direct relationship between CSF somatostatin and plasma thyroxine and free thyroxine, but not triiodothyronine, was observed both while patients were medication-free and during carbamazepine treatment. These first data in man are consistent with those in animals, suggesting a close interrelationship between somatostatin and thyroid regulation.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118215

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Treatment-refractory depressed patients who objected to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were given a series of anesthesias with isoflurane (Forane®), a modern and established inhalation anesthetic. According to our hypothesis to be tested, the brief period of electrocerebral silence (ES), which can be observed shortly after the grand mal seizure in ECT, may be in itself a crucial biological determinant for the therapeutic effects of ECT. Isoflurane is the only drug known to effect an ES in the EEG in nontoxic concentrations, which does not result in adverse effects on any body organ including the brain; no seizure activity can be observed. Eleven depressed patients received a total of 36 anesthesias with isoflurane (ES narcotherapy). Rapid antidepressant effects were observed in 9 patients (p < 0.0001). Effects were reproducible and lasted up to several weeks. No adverse effects of anesthesia were noticed

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118216

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An account is given of the therapeutic experience with lithium in childhood hyperaggressivity. In 13 cases of the hospitalized l7children between 3 and 12 years of age significant rehabilitation was achieved. Their sociability and ability to adapt themselves to the environment improved to a tolerable level. During treatment, no irreversible side effects were observed. It is recommended that the treatment should be performed either at a child psychiatric unit or by a psychiatrist with adequate experiences in this field and preferably at a hospital.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118217

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ninety-two outpatients with depressive disorders which met Research Diagnostic Criteria were treated either with mianserin or placebo in a 6-week controlled trial. Twenty-four of 42 (57 %) mianserin-treated patients were rated responders to mianserin treatment while 15 of 50 (30%) were rated responders to placebo treatment (χ2 = 6.89, p < 0.01). This rate of drug response was comparable to that achieved with a tricyclic antidepressant in a similar study done in our clinic, supporting the use of mianserin in mildly depressed outpatients

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118218

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In this article we review the effects of specific drugs or neurotransmitter systems on cognitive functions. While much of what we know about drugs’ effects on memory is derived from animal experiments, this review focusses on studies relevant to human clinical conditions. We conclude with a speculative analysis or taxonomy of the pharmacology of memory which broadly highlights the utility of viewing memory as being comprised of several differentiated processe

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118219

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The formerly designed method for quantitative evaluation of drug effects in rats is employed for the classification of three different neuroleptic drugs, namely sulpiride, clozapine and haloperidol. Analysis of the power density spectra as obtained from the recorded activity in the cortex, striatum and reticular core results in a ‘fingerprint’ for each drug, which is then compared to the known data on various standard drugs by means of a stepwise discriminant analysis. After cumulative dosage dose-response curves are given for single frequency bands and different brain areas. The ED50 values are close to the drug dosages applied to humans. All three neuroleptics can be differentiated from each other, but are classified very close to low dosages of chlorpromazine according to the classification rule established in an earlier paper. Relying on the overall difference of the drug’s action in comparison to placebo, a single dose-response relationship is given for each com

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118220

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger