摘要:

SummaryUsing the power ponderosity index of Benn, weigh (W)/height (H)p, (W/Hp) where the value ofpis determined so that the correlation of height andW/Hpis zero, a set ofpvalues was obtained from longitudinal data of 630 healthy, white, middle class children ranging in ages from birth to 9 years. Our data revealed two turning points in the relative velocity of change of height and weight not previously recognized by separate studies of velocity changes in weight and height related to chronological age. The value ofpincreased from birth (1.72) until about 1 month (2.39) for girls, and 5 months for boys (2.30), the first turning point, and then fell to a nadir at age 18-21 months for girls (1.75) and 21-24 months for boys (1.73), the second turning point. This fall to the nadir represents the greater influence of velocity change in height over weight. From then to age 9 years, there was a gradual and steady increase inp, greater for girls than for boys, representing the greater influence of velocity change in weight over height. The values ofphave now been estimated for white, middle class children over the ages of birth to 9 years and may have utility in studies which compare obesity indicators.

ISSN:0031-3998    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryAfter the infusion of 500 ml 20% mannitol to 12 pregnant ewes, we studied fetal plasma osmolality responses in chronically catheterized fetal lambs at 129-140 days' gestation. To compare the effects of arginine vasotocin (AVT) alone and AVT plus cortisol on fetal/maternal water transfer, the mannitol infusion was repeated during a 2-h fetal infusion of AVT alone (7 μU/kg) and during infusion of AVT with cortisol (50 μg/h) (eight and six animals, respectively). The fetal osmolar response to maternal mannitol administration was compared to the response following the baseline mannitol study in the same sheep. In four of the ewes, an identical (sham) study was performed substituting 500 ml normal saline for the mannitol infusion to the ewe.Fetal AVT infusion significantly obtunded the fetal osmolality increment induced by maternal mannitol alone [P<0.001, analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. Fetal AVT administered concurrently with cortisol produced an increment in fetal plasma osmolality in response to maternal mannitol that was significantly enhanced compared with that during fetal AVT infusion alone (P<0.001, ANOVA). The response to AVT with cortisol was similar to that following mannitol alone. Normal saline (sham protocol) produced no change in maternal or fetal osmolality. These results indicate that fetal AVT inhibits fetal to maternal water transfer following an osmotic stimulus to the ewe, while cortisol (infused with AVT) tends to counteract the inhibitory effect of AVT on fetal/maternal water transfer.

ISSN:0031-3998    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryThis study compared the bactericidal capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from neonates and adults for type Ic group B Streptococcus (GBS), and examined the effect of severe stress on the bactericidal capacity of PMNs from newborn infants. PMNs were obtained from three study groups: 26 adults, 13 healthy neonates (cord blood), and 29 stressed neonates. Stress was defined as an acute respiratory illness or bacterial infection requiring assisted ventilation. Bacterial killing was assessed using a fluorochrome microassay and PMNs adherent to glass coverslips. PMNs from stressed infants killed significantly fewer GBS than PMNs from adults (P<0.001 at both time points). PMNs from healthy infants also demonstrated reduced killing compared with adults (P<0.01 at 60 min; P<0.001 at 90 min). There was no significant difference in bacterial killing between stressed and healthy neonates and no correlation between bactericidal capacity and age at time of study, gestational age, birth weight, peripheral leukocyte count, or Apgar scores. Therefore, the bactericidal capacity for GBS by PMNs from neonates is diminished; however, it is not further compromised by stress.

ISSN:0031-3998    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryPhagocytes isolated from either normal donors or from patients with poststreptococcal (P-SGN), lupus erythematosus (SLE-GN), or membranoproliferative (MPGN) glomerulonephritis showed normal adherence to glass (PAg) after incubation in normal human serum (NHS), but was reduced after incubation in patient serum. Low PAg was the consequence of incubation of normal phagocytes with the earliest available sera from all 22 P-SGN patients, 28 of 37 SLE-GN patients, 19 of 25 patients with MPGN type I, all 10 with types II and III, and all 5 with nephritis associated with chronic bacteremia. Low C3 and decreased PAg were related by regression analysis in sera from patients with P-SGN (P<0.001), SLE-GN (P<0.005), and MPGN (P<0.001) type I. In patients with P-SGN and one patient with nephritis associated with chronic bacteremia, complement levels and PAg returned to normal in parallel with clinical improvement. In vitro, PAg was reduced by NHS treated with either zymosan or bovine serum albumin (BSA)-anti-BSA complexes but neither BSA-anti-BSA complexes or zymosan, previously incubated in NHS, reduced PAg. PAg was normal in serum deficient in C4 or C5 unless treated with zymosan.

ISSN:0031-3998    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryWe measured blood glucose, serum insulin and apoprotein A-I and A-II, and triglycerides and cholesterol contained in serum lipoprotein fractions of 24 full-term newborn infants who underwent exchange transfusion with heparinized blood for hematological reasons. The values were similar to those previously reported for healthy newborn infants. We also measure lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activities with specific methods. Fifteen minutes after an intravenous heparin bolus of 100 IU/kg, mean lipoprotein lipase activity in infants (16.0 µmol free fatty acids/ml/h) was as in adults. In contrast, hepatic lipase activity was significantly higher in infants (54.3 µmol free fatty acids/ml/h) than in adults. There was no sex difference in the infant lipase activities. Lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activities were also measured 5 and 15 min after a heparin bolus of 10 and 50 IU/kg: 10 IU/kg released only part of the lipase activities. In addition, the two lipases were measured during the exchange transfusion. Although 92% of the original infant blood was removed, lipoprotein lipase activity remained constant. In contrast, hepatic lipase activity decreased considerably. In infants, postheparin lipolytic activity is a conventional measure of lipoprotein lipase. Lipoprotein and hepatic lipases comprise 95% of postheparin lipolytic activity. In our infants, hepatic lipase activity was 3.4 times higher than lipoprotein lipase activity. Hence, it seems unjustified to use postheparin lipolytic activity as a measure of lipoprotein lipase.

ISSN:0031-3998    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryA relationship between disaccharidase and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities was looked for by measuring these enzyme activities in histologically normal small intestinal biopsies of 18 children. The range for disaccharidase activities expressed in U g-1wet weight was 0.1-5.7, 7.1-36.7, and 2.3-8.5 for lactase, maltase, and sucrase, respectively. The range for DAO activities expressed in nmol h-1g-1wet weight was 202-974. Significant correlations were found between disaccharidase and DAO activities (lactase versus DAO: n=17, r=0.80, P<0.001; maltase versus DAO: n=18, r=0.70, P<0.001; sucrase versus DAO: n=18, r=0.55, P<0.05). Our results further support the hypothesis that DAO is a marker of small intestinal functional integrity in children.

ISSN:0031-3998    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryFetal brain development was investigated near term in guinea pigs rendered diabetic with streptozotocin. The liver and the placenta were used as reference organs. Compared to controls, those fetuses from diabetic animals had normal cerebrum and cerebellum weights, but higher liver and placenta weights in relation to fetal weights. Although liver and placenta cell number (DNA content) was unchanged, it was significantly increased in the fetal cerebrum and cerebellum of diabetics. Although the tissue protein concentration was decreased in the liver and the placenta, it was unchanged and even increased in the cerebrum and cerebellum, respectively. The concentration of myelin (cerebroside-sulfatide) was unchanged in the cerebrum, but it was increased in the cerebellum of diabetic animals.These data suggest that diabetes has a growth-promoting effect on the fetal brain cell number. Furthermore, differences in the protein content between fetal organs may reflect abnormalities in protein metabolism which do not affect the brain during diabetic pregnancies.

ISSN:0031-3998    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryNocturnal sleep organization was compared in normal infants and those “at risk” for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (siblings and near-miss infants). Before 12 weeks of age, sleep modifications were observed in “at risk” infants. During their sleep they had a smaller percentage of intervening wakefulness with a higher amount of active sleep. Quiet and active sleep episodes had longer durations resulting in a longer sleep cycle. After 12 weeks, sleep organization tended to normalize. This fact is discussed as a possible factor for a SIDS event: a higher arousal threshold could play a critical role if homeostasy is disturbed during sleep, mainly at an age when the homeostatic control is not fully established.

ISSN:0031-3998    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryNeonatal pigs were evaluated as a model for protein metabolism of infants. Milks were given in which the protein (15 or 30 g/liter) was supplied by casein and whey in the proportions of 80:20 or 40:60. Severe or moderate restriction of feed intake was also compared. Whey-predominant milks reduced the concentration of urea N in blood plasma and the proportion of urea N in urinary total N. These effects are consistent with most previously reported data from infants, particularly those of low birth weight. The efficiency of N retention was improved at the higher concentration of dietary protein. Whey-predominant milks also reduced the amount of N retained in the stomach. The magnitude of some of these effects was influenced by the level of feed intake. Total N retention reflected protein intake but was not affected by protein source. N retention determined by a balance procedure exceeded that calculated from carcass analysis, but the effect of protein intake was similar from either procedure.

ISSN:0031-3998    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryIncubation of intact fibroblasts from a patient with glutaric aciduria type II with [2-14C]riboflavin showed normal synthesis of flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. This is taken as evidence for normal transport of riboflavin into the cells and normal activity of riboflavin kinase (EC 2.7.1.26) and flavin mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.2).The ability of intact fibroblasts to oxidize 1-14C-fatty acids and [6-14C]lysine is impaired in the patient which together with the urinary excretion pattern of organic acids indicates a defective dehydrogenation of fatty acid acyl-CoAs and glutaryl-CoA. However, dehydrogenation of (C6-C10) fatty acid acyl-CoA derivatives and glutaryl-CoA was normal when the dehydrogenases were measured in fibroblast homogenate with artificial electron acceptors. In vivo, these dehydrogenases transfer their electrons to CoQ10in the main electron transport chain via electron transfer flavoprotein and electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase. Glutaric aciduria type II fibroblasts showed very diminished activity when the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity was measured without artificial electron acceptor but with intact endogenous electron transport system. As the NADH and succinate oxidation seems normal in glutaric aciduria type II patients, this is strong evidence for a defect in either the electron transfer flavoprotein or the electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase.

ISSN:0031-3998    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID