摘要:

Smoothness of movement is an inherent characteristic of the motor repertoire of primates. According to the minimum hand jerk model, a major feature of motor coordination in two-joint upper limb movements by humans in the horizontal plane is the production of the smoothest possible movement of the end effector, the hand (‘hand version’). In the present study, this model was extended to the formation of the trajectory of the centre of mass (CMt) of the whole arm system (‘CMt version’), and its importance for the shaping of multijoint movements was tested against the classical ‘hand version’. During point-to-point movements between many pairs of targets in the work space, the movements of the CMt showed lower changes of torque than in movements of the hand on a straight path. Furthermore, the CMt version of the minimum jerk model reproduced the curved hand trajectory that can be observed in actual human performance. Under the assumption that the smoothness criterion is induced by a high-level motor coordination, our results suggest that CMt-based planning can be an alternative strategy for joint coordination. It offers the advantage of the simplified scaling of joint torques which are suitable for execution of planne

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000157198

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A new computer simulation method, using a neuro-musculo-skeletal model, is used to clarify the process of acquisition of erect bipedal walking during human ontogeny. Walking was autonomously generated as a dynamic interaction called ‘mutual entrainment’ between the neural oscillation and the pendular movement of differently proportioned bodies. Walking patterns of humans with 8 different sets of alternative body proportions, varying from those of 8-month-old children to those of 22 years old adults, were simulated. The development of bipedal walking is characterized as the change from a forced oscillation controlled by the nervous system to the natural oscillation of pendular motion, determined by body proportions. Body proportions are the fundamental factor in the development of bipedal walk

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000157199

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000157200

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000157201

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger