摘要:

A study of Early Miocene cercopithecids recovered recently from Buluk, northern Kenya, emphasizes the morphological similarities of early monkeys from northern and eastern Africa. The Buluk specimens show close affinities with the North African Prohylobates and the East African Victoriapithecus. The two genera share characters which are not found in the later cercopithecid subfamilies but which define the subfamily Victoriapithecinae.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156194

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We describe the morphology of the first complete incisor-canine complex for Notharctus tenebrosus. Gregory’s classic description, based on heavily reconstructed and fragmentary material, needs to be amended to include the following points: I1 occludes simultaneously with I1–2; I2 is essentially nonocclusal and staggered behind I1; RI1 and LI1 do not contact interstitially but are separated by a small median diastema; I1 bears a prominent mesial prong. These five features are distinctly lemuriform in appearance: in general Notharctus is phenetically most similar to the pattern found in some lemurids and indriids. We consider an abstraction of the common plesiadapiform-omomyid anterior dental configuration as the primitive primate character state and argue that the adapid (sensu lato) morphology is derived. We further suggest that this predominantly Eocene group is the sister taxon of modern lemuriforms. The incisor-canine morphology of Adapts and Leptadapis is autopomorphic and less suggestive of the primitive pretoothcomb strepsirhine dentition than the notharctine pattern appears to be. While the morphologically simple lower incisors of notharctines are truly similar to those of anthropoids, the preponderance of anatomical differences within the incisor-canine complex leads us to conclude that these similarities were convergently evolved in adapids and the higher primates. The least refuted hypothesis of anthropoid origins, and the one which appears to make most phenetic as well as cladistic sense, acknowledges the monophyly of the Haplorhini and the likelihood that anthropoids are descendants of an early tarsiiform st

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156195

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Detailed accounts of the muscular relations and attachments in the prevertebral and upper pharyngeal region of the cranial base of extant hominoids and fossil hominids are described in this paper. Marked differences exist in the cranial attachments of the longus capitis, superior constrictor, tensor palati and levator palati muscles between the three great apes and Homo sapiens. Many of the bony ridges and processes characteristic of the three great apes are also present in the ‘gracile’ australopithecines. Some of the differences between the muscle markings in this region of the cranial base in certain fossil hominids are discussed in the light of the findings of the dissection study of the three great apes and previous studies of the hominoid cranial b

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156196

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Vocalizations and concurrent behaviours of adult slow loris kept in small groups under seminatural conditions were recorded during their nocturnal activity period. According to structural criteria 8 fairly distinct call types were determined which could be related to one of the two functionally defined sound categories, ‘contact and contact-seeking’ and ‘aggressive and defensive calls’. Comparison with other bioacoustic studies of the family Lorisidae revealed general trends in the evolution of call systems in two subfamilies Lorisinae and Ga

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156197

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger