摘要:

The present study examines sexual dimorphism in the cranium of the immature orangutan. A series of 37 craniometric dimensions were measured on 56 immature crania. The total sample was divided into two subsamples: infants and juveniles. Univariate statistics and an analysis of variance were prepared for each subsample. Results indicate that the males and females in both subsamples are significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) for two measures of skull length. Eight additional dimensions from the infant category also appear to differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05) between the se

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156316

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Hand deformities in 2 wild-born pygmy chimpanzees were investigated through dissection, linear measurements, bone mineral analysis and X-rays. Weight of tissue (skin, muscle, bone) was determined for each body segment (hand, forearm, upper arm), permitting comparison between the abnormal and normal upper limbs. In one individual, the right and left forearms and hands differed in tissue weights and bone mineral content. In the other, the hands differed in tissue composition, but not the forearms.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156317

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sociosexual behavior was monitored on a daily basis for 3 months in 5 pairs of golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). Urine samples were collected daily from each female and urinary estrogen cycles were determined by radioimmunoassay. Mounts and copulations were observed during all phases of the estrogen cycle. Peaks or regular cycles in sexual behavior were not documented. There were no significant changes in affiliative behavior by females or males that were associated with changes in urinary estrogen values. A negative relationship between pair bond duration and frequency of sexual interactions was observed: newly established pairs exhibited 2–6 times more frequent sexual behavior than a long-established pair. The lack of a conspicuous sexual signal in female golden lion tamarins may be related to a pattern of continuous sexual receptivity. Both reproductive patterns, concealed estrus and continuous receptivity, are explicable in relation to either monogamous or polyandrous mating system

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156318

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper analyses movement patterns, habitat preferences, activity schedules, and dispersion of troop members in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedi) in relation to seasonal changes in food abundance in a Costa Rican tropical wet forest. Secondary forest was the preferred habitat and use of primary forest and late successional forest was limited primarily to seasons when food availability was low. Range area differed between seasons, varying from 79 to 110 ha, and totaling 176 ha over 11 months. The number of hectares used, hourly rate of group movement, and proportion of time spent foraging each season were all negatively related to relative food abundance. There was a tendency to spend less time in foraging activities in the middle of the day and to spend more time exclusively in travel at dawn and dusk. In all seasons dispersion was least when the troop was travelling and it was generally greatest during seasons of low food abundance. Measures of the allocation of time by the troop to food-related activities and the extent of troop dispersion each season were consistent with estimates based on behavior sampling of individuals.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156319

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The acquisition of nut-cracking behaviour was investigated in two naive groups of captive capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Two adult males acquired this behaviour independently and without any ad hoc training. The opportunity to freely explore and manipulate the ‘hammers’ favoured the discovery of the correct and successful spatial relationship between the nut and the tool. The other group members did not seem to learn the use of tools either independently or by observing their proficient cagema

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156320

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Primate censuses were conducted along transects (450 and 1100 m) in forests at Huanchaca (Bolivia) during the months of August and September 1986. As yet, relatively little information is available for primate populations in Bolivia and this is the first report on eastern populations. Average group sizes determined were: 12.8 ± 5.1 for the spider monkey Ateles paniscus (n = 11), 16.2 ± 7.6 for the capuchin monkey Cebus apella (n = 9) and 9.5 for the marmoset Callithrix argentata melanura (n = 2). Population densities determined were: 84.5 individuals/km2 for Ateles paniscus and 38.9 individuals/km2 for Cebus apella. The presence of Alouatta caraya and Aotus azarae was also indicated by their vocalizations, but no counts were possible. This forest area is as yet relatively intact, as indicated by the unusually high densities of spider monkeys in comparison with other neotropical forest areas, but impending schemes to exploit these forests and to construct roads in the region represent a threat to the primate populations and their environmen

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156321

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum samples from 72 Pan troglodytes, 5 Pan paniscus, 22 Gorilla gorilla, 23 Pongo pygmaeus abelii, 5 Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, 2 hybrids P.p. abelii × P.p. pygmaeus and 13 Hylobates for were tested for Gm(1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 24, 28), Km(1) and Bm(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) immunoglobulin allotypes by the classical hemagglutination inhibition method. The distribution of the various alleles and phenotypes makes it possible to distinguish each species or subspecies. Common chimpanzees have the richest polymorphism. Pygmy chimpanzees share common phenotypes with gorillas. Bornean and Sumatran orangutans have their own patterns of polymorphism, as do gibbons. Our principal component plot and dendrogram are compatible with the traditional classification of Hominoidea [e.g. Simpson, Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 85: 1–350, 1945] in 3 families: Hom-inidae, Pongidae and Hylobatid

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156322

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156323

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The owl-faced guenon, Cercopithecus hamlyni, inhabits an extensive rainforest region bounded by the River Zaire/Lualaba in the west, by the Lindi/Nepoko river complex in the north, by the Virunga volcano range in the east and by the rainforest limit in the south. The ecology of this primate species is as yet poorly documented. A new subspecies, C hamlyni kahuziensis, is described on the basis of three skins and one skull collected by U. Rahm and now stored in the collection of the Basel Natural History Museum. The usual T-pattern of white hairs on the nose and brows found in C. hamlyni hamlyni is replaced by black hairs in the new subspecies. Further, the dorsal parts of the body, including the back, flanks and proximal half of the tail, are uniformly dark olive green in colour. The distinctive silver gray hairs found on the thighs, perianal region and tail-base of C. hamlyni hamlyni are lacking. The belly, the limbs and the distal half of the tail are black. Dimensions of the skin and skull are provided for the holotype (subadult male specimen), along with photographs of the skull and of a live juvenile animal. Study of museum specimens indicates that features of C. hamlyni hamlyni are relatively consistent within the subspecies and are sharply distinct from those of C. hamlyni kahuziensis.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156324

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156325

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger