摘要:

Frequencies of social grooming recorded from 44 species of free-living primates correlate with group size but not body size. This is interpreted as evidence for the social function of grooming and against the purely hygienic function. However, there is some evidence to suggest that body size is a more important determinant of grooming time among platyrrhine primates. This might imply that there has been a shift in the functional system governing grooming during primate evolution.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156574

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Many primatologists believe that there is no sexual dimorphism in body size in prosimian primates. Because this belief is based upon data that came from only a few species and were largely flawed in some aspect of sample quality, I re-examined the extent of sexual dimorphism in body weight, using weights of 791 adult prosimians from 34 taxa recorded over the last 17 years at the Duke University Primate Center. There was no significant sex difference in body weight in 17 species, but males were significantly larger in Nycticebus pygmaeus, Tarsius syrichta, Galago moholi, Galagoides demidovii, Otolemur crassicaudatus and Otolemur garnettii. Moreover, females were significantly larger in Microcebus murinus. Thus, the general lack of sexual dimorphism could be confirmed, notably for lemurs, but prosimians as a group show more variability in sexual size dimorphism than was previously thought. After including previously published data obtained in the wild from 8 additional species, I found significant heterogeneity in the degree of sexual dimorphism at the family level, but only the Indridae and Galagidae were significantly different from each other. Among the prosimian infraorders, the Lorisiformes were significantly more dimorphic than the Lemuriformes. Differences in dimorphism between higher taxonomic groups are discussed in the context of prosimian evolution, concluding that phylogenetic inertia cannot provide a causal explanation for the evolution of sexual dimorphism. The relative monomorphism of most prosimians may be related to allometric constraints and, especially in the Lemuriformes, to selective forces affecting male and female behavioral strategies.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156575

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Rhesus macaques and stump-tailed macaques are sympatric in western Yunnan (China), coexisting or occupying habitats that show little difference. This paper tests hypotheses based on theoretical expectation from the differing biomechanical demands of terrestrial and arboreal quadrupedalism in stump-tailed macaques and rhesus macaques, respectively. Individuals of these two macaque taxa were markedly separated by the first two principal components and discriminant analyses based on 18 variables of the upper limb. The rhesus macaques appear to be more adapted for arboreal quadruped habits because of elongation of the clavicle and forearm, a larger humeral head and greater midshaft sagittal diameters of the radius and ulna.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156576

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156577

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156578

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156579

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156581

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156582

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156583

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger