摘要:

Handling of smaller infants by individuals other than the mothers was studied for wild chimpanzees. Nulliparous subadult females, who are related or unrelated to the infants, are most earnest caretakers, while parous females usually are indifferent to infants other than their own. Adult males also take care of infants, although more briefly than nulliparae. Mothers screen alloparental candidates by sex and kin relationship. ‘Learn-to-mother’ hypothesis is supported for alloparental behavior by nulliparae. Costs and benefits of alloparental behavior by various age/sex classes are discus

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156117

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Daily ranging behavior (DRB) of red colobus monkeys (Colobus badius tephrosceles) is examined to determine (1) what social and environmental variables are related to ranging patterns, and (2) how these variables are related to one another and to DRB. It is suggested that foraging constraints primarily determine variation in DRB but that other variables, i.e. rainfall and intra- and intergroup conflicts periodically influence DRB as well.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156118

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The late Eocene European adapid Adapis parisiensis shares many postcranial features with the extant Lorisinae, suggesting that it was a nonleaping, slow-moving arboreal quadruped. The slightly older Leptadapis magnus was a larger, more robustly built strepsirhine, similar in some ways to Varecia insignis. Both taxa are quite different postcranially from the American Eocene adapids Pelycodus, Notharctus, and Smilodectes, and from an earlier European adapid from Messel. A phylogenetic analysis of these post-cranial features argues against an ancestral relationship between these two adapine species and anthropoids or these two adapines and Lemuriformes. The similarities between Adapis and lorisines and Leptadapis and Varecia are considered to be convergences.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156119

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A fragmentary maxilla of an omomyid primate, probably referable to Ekgmowechashala, is described from the John Day Formation of Oregon. Ekgmowechashala is otherwise known only from lower jaw fragments from South Dakota. Similarities between the John Day specimen and early Oligocene Rooneyia strengthen the probability that Ekgmowechashala evolved from a form closely related to Rooneyia.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156120

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The accessory cusp on the posterior surface of M1–2 in Theropithecus gelada is recognized as a hypoconulid, being serially homologous with the hypoconulid on M3. This hypothesis is based on phylogeny, ontogeny, topographic position and occlusal relationship

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156121

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Behavioral-physiological investigations on the sense of taste in primates were carried out by means of two-bottle preference tests. In this pilot study for the first time ever the threshold concentrations of tryptophan were determined in nonhuman primates. The three forms of this amino acid produced only slight differences in performance, except for the remarkebly low sensitivity of Saimiri sciureus to L-tryptophan. The seven nonhuman primate species tested so far avoided L-tryptophan. For D-tryptophan the animals did not show a homogeneous behaviour. The two species of the South American Callitrichidae tested with the racemate preferred it.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156122

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Some blood values of 86 lesser mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) maintained in captivity are presented. These are comparable with those of other prosimians: PCV 51.7%, RBC 9.2 × 106/mm3, MCV 57.5 μm3, WBC 12,900/mm3, lymphocytes 59.7%, neutrophils 30.7%, monocytes 4.8%, eosinophils 4.2%, basophils 0.6%. We noted no significant difference between the sexes except that the percentage of lymphocytes was slightly lower in the females (with a corresponding percentage of neutrophils slightly higher). The lymphocyte:neutrophil ratio decreases with age, particularly in young animals; the hematocrit does not vary in adult

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156123

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The karyotypes of Macaca fuscata and Cercocebus aterrrimus are compared after G, C and AgNOR banding. Although it is often assumed that the 42-chromosome monkeys (species of the genera Macaca, Papio, and Cercocebus) are identical at the chromosomal level, a number of clear and consistent differences between the karyotypes of these two taxa are described. These differences include one pericentric inversion and differences in staining intensity, particularly in centromeric and pericentromeric areas. It is probable that high resolution chromosome techniques could reveal more differences between taxa in the 42-chromosome group than are now believed to exist. It is therefore probable that karyological data could provide insight into the phylogenetic relationships in this group of Old World monkeys.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156124

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The stuctural organisation of the digital touch pads has been investigated in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus pygerythrus) by light microscopy. It has been demonstrated that the subcutaneous tissue of the terminal digital pad consists of a highly organised septal framework containing large amounts of elastic fibres, with adipose tissue sweat gland compartments lying between the connective tissue septa. It is suggested that the presence of elastic fibres in the septal framework of the terminal digital pad is an important factor in accomplishing an even more supple response to prehensile and tactile activities of the hand.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156125

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156126

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger