摘要:

In an effort to understand factors underlying differences in the social organization of Pan troglodytes and P. paniscus, we measured the nearest neighbor distances and choices for chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, Uganda, and for bonobos in Lomako Forest, Zaire. We assume that the spatial organization of a set of individuals should reflect the underlying relationships between them. Bonobos were found to have smaller nearest neighbor distances than chimpanzees. The distribution and variability of the distances suggested that chimpanzees have a more restricted range of nearest neighbor distances than bonobos, avoiding situations of very close proximity. Selection of the sex of the nearest neighbor by a focal animal differed between the species. For example, male bonobos rarely had another male as their nearest neighbor, while male chimpanzees frequently did. Similarly, male bonobos tended to move apart when observed together, while it was female chimpanzees who tended to move apart when together. These observations are considered with respect to the nature of the social interactions in these species.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156818

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A critical evaluation of the literature and a cost/benefit analysis suggest that changes in affiliation patterns in female monkeys following the birth of infants should be mediated by female reproductive state and dominance rank and infant characteristics such as age and sex. Several predictions concerning the effects of these variables were tested on dyadic interactions between lactating pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) females and other lactating or pregnant females. Dyads composed of lactating females spent more time in proximity, contact and grooming than dyads composed of lactating and pregnant females. Association with other lactating females was mainly due to lower-ranking females that may gain benefits such as increased tolerance and support from their partners. Infant handling by lactating females had a higher percentage of harassment episodes than handling by pregnant females. Among dyads composed of two lactating females, affiliative interactions were inversely correlated with rank distance. It is suggested that the presence of infants may influence female social dynamics at the group level to a greater extent than previously thought.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156819

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156820

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156821

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156822

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156823

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156824

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156825

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156826

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156827

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger