摘要:

The eight monkey species occurring in Surinam were studied in the Raleigh-vallen-Voltzberg Nature Reserve along the Coppename River. Special emphasis was placed on determining how these eight species divide up available habitat and food resources within a 300-ha study area. Cebus apella apella is probably the most adaptable of the Surinam monkeys. It was found mainly in the understory and lower to middle parts of the canopy of all five forest types (high rain forest, low rain forest, mountain savanna forest, liane forest, pina swamp forest) in the study area, and entered a variety of edge habitats. Saguinus midas midas, the only callitrichid in Surinam, also occurred mainly in the understory and lower to middle parts of the canopy of all five forest types, but was the only species to spend more time in edges than in non-edge habitats. Alouatta seniculus was most often seen in the middle to upper strata of high forest, but occasionally entered the four other forest types and a variety of edges. Cebus nigrivittatus is apparently less adaptable than its congener and was largely restricted to the understory and lower to middle strata of high forest. It occasionally entered two other forest types as well, but was rarely seen in edges. Chiropotes and Pithecia were both found almost exclusively in high forest and mountain savanna forest, but Chiropotes was mainly in the upper part of the canopy and in emergents, whereas Pithecia occupied the lower to middle parts of the canopy and the understory. Neither species made much use of edges. Ateles paniscus paniscus and Saimiri sciureus represent the extremes of primate adaptation in the Voltzberg area. Ateles was the most restricted species, and was found almost exclusively in high forest. It very rarely entered edges and was most often seen in the uppermost forest strata. In contrast, Saimiri was the only species that was not found most often in high forest, and it occurred consistently lower than any other monkey in the area. More than 50% of all Saimiri observations were in liane forest, a habitat rarely or never entered by most of the other species, and more than 60% were in the understory stratum. Saguinus, Saimiri, Cebus apella and C. nigrivittatus were omnivorous, with Saimiri apparently eating the most arthropods. The four remaining species were not seen feeding on insects or other animals. All eight species included a high proportion of fruit in their diet, with flowers and sometimes leaves usually playing a minor role. The two largest species, Alouatta and Ateles, were the most folivorous, but Alouatta was the only one that ate mature leaves and its leaf intake far exceeded that of Ateles. The three smallest species (Saguinus, Saimiri, Pithecia) did not eat leaves at all. Chiropotes was an important seed predator; Pithecia and C. nigrivittatus may also depend heavily on seeds. Alouatta and Saimiri were never seen acting as seed predators. Alouatta and Ateles were major seed dispersers. The other six species occasionally dispersed seeds, but to a much lesser extent.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156007

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Band I at Cone Rock used a home range of 28 km2, which overlapped with the ranges of seven other Hamadryas bands. The utilization pattern of a home range area depended on the habitat type, the distance from the sleeping cliff, and the frequency of visits in that area. The ranging pattern provided evidence for the assumption of a mental map.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156008

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The socio-ecology of representative groups of tantalus monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops tantalus) was observed during 1974–1975 in three habitats in Cameroon. Observations took place during the wet and dry seasons in sahelian savannah, guinea savannah and farmed forest. In the sahel, large groups did not appear to defend territories. In the other two habitats, smaller groups did so. The different patterns of territoriality and group size appeared to be the result of differences in food supply and predation pressure

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156009

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The first 5 years of infant socialization was studied in two captive groups of chimpanzees. The infant’s frequency of social behaviors increased as it became older, the mother’s decreased, and that between mother and infant was relatively stable. The mother and infant socialized mostly with an age class similar to their own, with grooming and play being predominant, respectively. Their behaviors were more diverse when they socialized with a different age class. Initially, the mother and infant interacted more with females than males, but later more with males. The mother’s associations with juveniles and infants were high as her infant became more socially active with its peers. Most of the input to the mother-infant social relationship was by the m

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156010

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study of the developing pongid dentition is based on cross-sectional radiographic data of juvenile Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, and Pongo pygmaeus skulls. Comparisons with developmental features of the human dentition are made, and possible explanations for the formation of larger teeth within the reduced pongid growth period are discussed. The data presented in this study provide an alternative method for ageing individual pongid crania in comparative cross-sectional growth studies. The advantages of this method are demonstrated by ageing individual Gorilla crania from radiographs and plotting relative dental age against length of the jaw.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156011

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A new, relatively large species of Niptomomys is described from the late Wasatchian of the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming. The importance of a stratigraphic approach to problems of species-level phylogeny is stressed, and then applied to an investigation of the evolutionary history of Niptomomys. The new Niptomomys species may have evolved gradually from early Wasatchian Niptomomys doreenae in the Bighorn Basin and vicinity, or it may have evolved elsewhere and replaced the earlier form relatively rapidly. The available evidence is not yet sufficient to distinguish between these two alternatives.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156012

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A survey of 10 anthropoid primate species indicated a high degree of genetic polymoφhism of erythrocyte glyoxalase II. In man, variation at this locus is rare. The electrophoretic pattern presented by heterozygotes was a double band, suggesting that, as in man, the structure of erythrocyte glyoxalase II in other anthropoid primate species is monomeric

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156013

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

By a serological inhibition test, a series of new antigens on non-human primate immunoglobulins is detected by human antiglobulins. Differences of reactivity between species are described.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156014

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Chromosome studies were performed in a male representative of Cacajao melanocephalus. The diploid number was 45: the chromosome complement consisting of 12 pairs of acrocentric autosomes, 9 pairs of biarmed autosomes and 1 heteromorphic pair composed of one subtelocentric and one acrocentric chromosome. The X chromosome was submetacentric and the Y chromosome was apparently translocated to an acrocentric autosome. G-banding patterns were studied and the results compared to karyotypes previously described for Cacajao rubicundus and Cacajao calvus.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156015

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000156016

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger