摘要:

AbstractComponents of epoxy‐based embedding media used in electron microscopy were examined for their mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella system. The compounds, singly and in combination, were shown to be active with strain TA100 (base substitution indicator) but not with TA98 (frameshift indicator). When tested separately the epoxy resins Araldite, Epon, and vinyl cyclohexen dioxide (VCD) and the plasticizer diglycidyl ether of propylene glycol (DER‐736) were found to be significantly mutagenic. These active compounds, in combination with liver mixed oxidase preparation (S9), showed increased mutagenicity over similar preparations in the absence of microsomal activat

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860010402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860010403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPhototherapy has been shown to be an effective therapy for severe neonatal jaundice. However, because of its seemingly innocuous effect on normal babies, this therapeutic modality has been widely used to prevent jaundice in circumstances where it may be neither necessary nor beneficial. The present report summarizes results which indicate that phototherapy is endowed with DNA‐modifying properties and has therefore the potential for inducing genetic and carcinogenic effects. These disconcerting findings concerning the long‐term hazardous consequences of an accepted therapeutic procedure require that the unique physiologic and pharmacologic characteristics of the newborn populations be recognized when assessing the risks and benefits of photother

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860010404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOrganic extracts of chlorinated Ontario drinking water samples have been found to induce mutation and lethality in the Salmonella/mammalian‐microsome histadine reversion assay. Collections of water were made at water treatment plants in five municipalities in June 1978. To determine the reproducibility of the positive mutagenic effects found, a second sampling at the same plants was performed in September 1978. Preparation of extracts involved passing 200 liter samples through XAD‐2 resin columns which were eluted with a mixture of hexane and acetone, and the eluent was evaporated to dryness. For those extracts with sufficient organic matter, dose‐related increases in mutagenicity were observed. Extracts of untreated water from a river and a well were weakly muta

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860010405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe substrate specificity of theuvrendonuclease, the product of theuvrA, urvB, anduvrCgenes is reviewed. It is suggested that the relatively well‐defined substrate specificity of this repair enzyme is useful as a guide in determining the nature of the DNA‐lesion caused by a given muta

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860010406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdministration of 4 nitro‐4′ isothiocyano‐diphenylamine (CGP 4540, amoscanate) to two nonhuman primates, Macaca mulatta and Cebus apella, resulted in the appearance of mutagenic material in the urines of these animals. Mutagenic metabolites of this drug could also be detected in the urines when the drug was administered to primates infected with Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum. As observed previously in mice, the mutagenic activation of amoscanate can be prevented in primates by coadministration of a single oral dose of erythromycin with no concomitant reduction in antischistosomal activity. The protective effect of erythromycin was confirmed in several crossover experiments. This dissociation of mutagenic from chemotherapeutic effects provides an opportunity to reduce serious potential long‐term risks of this anti‐schistos

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860010407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTen resin acids which have been identified as constituents of pulp and paper mill effluents have been examined for potential mutagenicity in the Salmonella/mammalian‐microsome assay. Only neoabietic acid has been found to be mutagenic. Neoabietic acid showed dose‐related increases in mutagenicity in strains TA1535, TA100, TA1538, and TA98, but not in strain TA1537. Metabolic activation with a preparation of Aroclor 1254‐induced liver homogenate (S9) slightly reduced the mutagenic responses. Negative responses were found for abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, levopimaric acid, 7‐oxodehydroabietic acid, monochlorodehydroabietic acid, dichlorodehydroabietic acid, pimaric acid, isopimaric acid, and sandaracopimar

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860010408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster males were exposed to homogeneous magnetic fields of intensities of 13,000 to 37,000 Gauss as eggs, larvae, pupae and as adults. Sex linked recessive lethals were scored in chromosomes exposed as spermatozoa, spermatids and as spermatocytes. There was no indication of enhanced mutation induction by the magnetic fields.

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860010409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEthylene oxide is a known mutagen as indicated by short‐term testing in vitro and in vivo. Occupational exposure can occur during ethylene oxide gas sterilization of materials for hospital and other use. To study the problem in a hospital sterilization facility where occupational exposure was suspected, epidemiologic, analytic, and bioassay tools were employed. All persons whose work activities involved some aspect of the sterilization process were considered exposed to the gas. Within this group of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, chronic and incidental exposure was documented by clinical history. Sister chromatid exchanges were studied in lymphocytes cultured from exposed individuals as well as comparable controls. Four chronically exposed persons who reported upper respiratory and neurologic symptoms were studied in some detail. This group showed significantly increased sister chromatid exchange at three weeks and again at eight weeks after the last known exposure. Another group of eight persons with fewer complaints studied as late as the ninth week showed significantly increased exchanges. Incidental exposure may also increase sister chromatid exchange. The measured maximum concentration of ethylene oxide in the sterilizer room was 36 ppm (within standards set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860010410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree nitroparaffins (nitroethane, 1‐nitropropane, and 2‐nitropropane) were studied in the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsome (Ames) test, with and without microsomal activation systems. Nitroethane and 2‐nitropropane also were studied in an in vivo mutagenic (micronucleus) test. These studies were undertaken because these solvents are widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and 2‐nitropropane was reported to cause liver cancer in rats exposed by the inhalation route.Neither nitroethane nor 1‐nitropropane was active in the Ames test with Salmonella tester‐strains TA1537, TA92, TA98, or TA100. However, 2‐nitropropane produced a significant increase in revertants in all of these tester strains, particularly strain TA100, where 3μl/plate doubled the number of revertants in the presence of microsomal enzymes. Negative results were obtained with both nitroethane and 2‐nitropropane in micronucleus tests. These studies have shown that 2‐nitropropane has the potential for causing point mutations in a microbial test system. However, this compound probably will not cause a chromosome mutation of th

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860010411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY