ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860070102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA screening program is defined to include a set of tests, a decision function, and a protocol. The major characteristics of a screening program are the error rates of the individual tests, the overall error rates of the program, the costs of the individual tests, and the overall program costs. It is shown how to calculate the program error rates for any given decision function. The concept of a screening protocol is developed and a method for enumerating all protocols of a given decision function is given. A given protocol has two calculable costs: the average cost of testing a mutagen and the average cost of calculating a nonmutagen. A method for calculating these costs for any protocol is given. All decision functions utilizing up to five tests are enumerated.

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860070103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe direct‐acting mutagen 4‐nitro‐o‐phenylenediamine (NOP) was activated in vitro by pea or tobacco S‐9 into a more potent mutagen inSalmonella typhimuriumstrain TA98. NOP mutagenicity was not altered by Aroclor 1254‐induced rat liver S‐9. The plant S‐9 activation of NOP was heat‐sensitive but was not NADPH‐dependent, did not involve superoxide radicals, and was not inhibited by CO. A direct relationship between plant peroxidase and NOP activation was established. Several purified peroxidases including horseradish peroxidase, chloroperoxidase, and lactoperoxidase also activated NOP. The perodoxidative process was not H2O2‐dependent but was partially inhibited by a

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860070104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResults are presented from mutagenesis testing in Drosophila of 20 coded compounds. Two compounds were positive in the sex‐linked recessive lethal test, and two were inconclusive. The positive compounds were calcium chromate in adult feeding experiments and ferrocene after adult injection. The two inconclusive compounds were 2,4‐diaminophenol dihydrochloride and hexachiorocyclopentadiene. Compounds that produced a positive response were assayed for chromosome breakage using the conventional translocation test. Calcium chromate was negative in the translocation test, and ferrocene was positive. Many of the test compounds were poorly soluble in water, raising questions regarding the effective concentration to which the flies were expo

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860070105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐four dyes currently or previously used in the food, drug, cosmetic, and textile industries were tested in thein vitrorat hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair (HPC/DR) assay and, to a limited extent, in the in vivo/in vitroHPC/DR assay. The positive control, Solvent Yellow 3 (o‐aminoazotoluene), and five other dyes (4‐dimethylaminobenzeneazo‐1 ‐naphthalene, 4‐dimethylaminobenzeneazo‐2‐naphthalene, Direct Blue 53, Acid Blue 9, and 4‐dimethylaminostilbene) induced DNA repair in rat hepatocytes bothin vitroand in vivo, while 13 of the dyes (Food Red 1, Food Red 5, Food Orange 4, Food Red 7, Acid Red 14, Acid Red 27, Pigment Red 53, Acid Yellow 23, Food Black 1, Food Green 3, Acid Red 51, Acid Blue 74, and Natural Red 4) did not produce any detectable DNA repair in either thein vitroor in vivo/in vitroassays. Direct Blue 14 had weak activityin vitrobut none was detected in vivo. In contrast. Solvent Yellow 5 was not activein vitro, but produced a weak positive response in vivo. Negative responses were also obtained for Solvent Yellow 14 and Acid Green 5 in thein vitroassay, whereas the responses produced by these dyes in the in vivo/in vitroassay were judged to be equivocal. An equivocal response was also obtained for Direct Red 28 in the in vivo/in vitroassay as well as in thein vitroassay. These findings provide information about the potential genotoxicity of a number of dyes for which previous genotoxicity data has been inconsistent or inadequate. For some dyes (eg, Solvent Yellow 5), discrepancies between the results obtained in thein vitroand in vivo/in vitroassays may implicate a role for intestinal microflora in their met

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860070106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData were collected following the administration of various compounds to meiotic yeast cultures to investigate their effects on disomic or diploid induction. Epi chlorohydrin, actinomycin D, and 9‐aminoacridine were unable to induce either diploidy or disomy. Ethyl methanesulphonate was active in inducing diploids, while hycanthone induced disomics. β‐Propiolactone, N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine, and β‐naphtylamine were able to increase both

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860070107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860070108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860070109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860070101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY