ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860050302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860050303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dichloromethane extract of a coal combustion fly ash sample obtained from an experimental fluidized bed coal combustor was tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The extract was directly mutagenic in S typhimurium strain TA98 and the nitroreduc‐tase deficient strains TA98NR and TA98/1,8DNP6. The mutagenicity observed in TA98NR and TA98/1,8DNP6was lower than that in TA98. Addition of exogenous Aroclor 1254‐induced rat liver supernatant (liver S9) decreased the bacterial mutagenicity of the extract. A different mutagenic response was observed in CHO cells. In the absence of liver S9, although the extract was cytotoxic to CHO cells, no significant mutagenicity was observed. Addition of exogenous liver S9 decreased the cytotoxicity and increased the mutagenicity at both Na+‐K+‐ATPase and hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) gene loci in CHO cells. Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and tandem quadruple mass spectrometry, a number of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated PAHs (nitro‐PAHs) were tentatively identified and quantitated. A possible explanation of the difference in bacterial and mammalian mutagenicity of the extract is that the bacterial mutagenicity was induced by the nitro‐PAHs that are potent bacterial mutagens and mammalian mutagenicity was induced by both PAHs and nitro‐PAHs that

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860050304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBoth with a conventional method and with the “aneuploidy pattern method” we tested whether the solvent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is able to induce aneuploidy (numerical chromosome aberrations) in oocytes of Drosophila melanogaster. DMSO was fed as a 2% solution to Drosophila females. No evidence for a mutagenic activity was obtained. This finding and the negative results reported by other authors for other types of mutation in Drosophila show that DMSO can be used as a solvent for chemical agents in mutagenicity screening in Drosophila melanogas

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860050305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cytogenetic effects of homo‐aza‐steroidal ester (ASE) on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in vitro are reported. It was found that treatment of cells with a dose as low as 0.025 μg/ml of ASE causes a significant number of abnormal metaphases containing mostly chromatid‐type aberrations. Similarly, significant frequencies of SCE were induced with only 0.075 μg/ml

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860050306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have determined the in vivo effects of cis‐platinum(II)diarnminodichloride (cis‐PDD) treatment on the induction of chromosome aberrations in Drosophila melanogaster germ cells. cis‐PDD treatment induces significant increases in chromosome breakage in all stages of spermatogenesis in a battery of test systems using ring or rod‐X males and repair‐proficient or deficient females. Since no increase in nondisjunction was induced by cis‐PDD in either male or female germ cells, any aneuploidy inducing effects of this compound should result from its clastogenic action. We also find thatmei‐9 excision repair function is involved in the repair of cis‐PDD‐induced DNA lesions in a manner that provides additional evidence that partial and ring chromosome losses are not comp

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860050307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe incidences of chromosome aberrations and the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were investigated in cultured lymphocytes of 18 styrene‐exposed workers in comparison with six controls. There was a marginal increase in the incidence of structural chromosomal aberrations in first‐division metaphases in the styrene‐exposed workers, as compared with the nonexposed controls. However, there was no difference in SCE frequencies. When each group was divided into smokers and nonsmokers, styrene‐exposed smokers tended to have higher SCE frequencies than styrene‐exposed nonsmokers. Furthermore, cell proliferation was inhibited in styrene‐exposed workers (both smokers and nonsmokers) and cont

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860050308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCytochrome P‐450‐dependent monooxygenase activity has been measured in the nasal turbinates of dogs and rats. The capacity of male Fischer‐344 rat nasal tissue to bioactivate benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 2‐aminoanthracene (2‐AA) to mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium was investigated. 2‐AA was mutagenic in strains TA98 and TA 100 when nasal tissue S‐9 was utilized as the activating enzyme system and BaP was mutagenic in strain TA 100. At all doses and protein concentrations tested, 2‐AA displayed nearly 500–1000 times greater bacterial mutagenicity than BaP. In strain TA‐100, nasal tissue S‐9 was approximately twice as active toward 2‐AA as lung S‐9 and 75% as active as liver S‐9. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was detected in rat nasal tissue when14C‐BaP was used as a substrate. Rat nasal tissue metabolized BaP to several oxidized metabolites which included dihydrodiols, quinones, and phenols. 3‐Hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene and BaP‐3,6‐quinone were the major metabolites detected (150 pmoles/mg protein/30 min). These results indicate that rat nasal tissue can metabolize promutagens to reactive species which may play an important role

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860050309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn root meristems of Tradescantia clone 02 (developed by Sparrow and his colleagues for mutation studies), X‐rays interfere with the progression of cells through the cell cycle and induce chromosomal aberrations in a dose‐dependent manner consistent with linear‐quadratic kinetics. Sequential mitotic cell accumulations after irradiation indicate that sensitivity to aberration induction is probably greatest in cells from late S to early G2, with chromatid interchanges the most frequent aberration type and all aberrations consistent with initiation from the interaction between two lesions. The ratio of the coefficients in the linear (α) and the quadratic (β) terms (α/β) is equal to the dose average of specific energy produced by individual particles in the site where interaction takes place. The ratio α/β for chromosomal aberrations is similar to that previously found for X‐ray‐induced mutation in Tradescantia stamen hairs, supporting the proposal that radiation‐induced mutational events are due to chromosomal aberrations with interaction distances of about 1 μm. Abrahamson and co‐workers have noted that both α/β ratios appear to be related to nuclear target size and are similar for chromosomal and mutational endpoints in the same organism. These findings support this concept; however, it is apparent that any situation which diminishes yield at high doses (eg, mitotic delay) will primarily affect the β component, resulting in low assessments of int

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860050310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0192-2521    

DOI:10.1002/em.2860050311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY