摘要:

AbstractAnatomic textbook descriptions imply that there is little variability in the relationships of the left renal vein, abdominal aorta, and left renal artery. However, previous studies of the renal pedicle have documented a significant amount of variability in the anatomy of the left renal vein, calling the consistency of the regional anatomy into question. To determine the validity of using the left renal vein as an anatomic landmark, the renal vessels of 57 postmortem subjects were examined. Seven subjects with anomalies or pathology which distorted the regional anatomy were excluded from the study group. In the remaining 50 subjects, the relationship of the left renal vein to the origin of the left renal artery was determined. The left renal artery was directly beneath the left renal vein in 52%, below (caudal to) the corresponding vein in 14%, and above (craniad to) the corresponding vein in 34%. The mean distance between the midpoint of the origin of the left renal artery and the cephalad margin of the left renal vein was 3.1 mm (P= 0.034). These data validate the assumption that the left renal vein is a reliable anatomic landmark for locating the left renal artery and juxtarenal aorta in cases where anomalous vascular anatomy or previous retroperitoneal dissection are not present.

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980030402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe occurrence of accessory sacroiliac joints in man has been studied in 153 dried bone specimens (108 male, 45 female). An incidence of 18% was found, of which 35% were of bilateral occurrence. Incidence was not found to be related to sex or laterality. The accessory joints were single, and most occurred at the level of the 1st dorsal sacral foramina. The correlation between the shape and size of the main joint and the occurrence of an accessory joint were found to be not significant, but the size of an accessory joint was positively correlated with the size of the main joint.

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980030403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPopliteal artery entrapment is an unusual cause of intermittent claudication in young people. Despite increasing interest since the paper by (Hamming:Angiology10:369–371, 1959) one may still fail to ascribe exercise‐induced leg pain to this syndrome. It may be confused with a chronic posterior crural compartment syndrome or spinal stenosis. In this article two cases, occurring in young athletes who required reconstructive surgery, are presen

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980030404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy using a videomicroscopy system, images of toe nail fold capillaries from 33 male smokers with atherosclerosis, 19 healthy male smoker controls, and 19 healthy male nonsmoker controls were recorded on video tape. Control subjects did not have clinical evidence of atherosclerosis. Capillary diameters were measured from the video tape with an image shearing device. The mean diameters (± SD) for the atherosclerotic patients, nonsmoker controls, and smoker controls were 13.7 μm (± 4.7 μm), 11.1 μm (± 3.4 μm), and 9.6 μm (± 3.4 μm), respectively. Statistical difference between the atherosclerotic patients and nonsmoker controls was significant atP<0.02; the difference between the atherosclerotic patients and smoker controls was significant atP<0.001. Statistical difference between the two control groups was not significant.These data indicate that atherosclerotic lesions elicit chronic dilation of distal cutaneous capillaries in patients who are smokers. However, comparison of these patients with tobacco smokers who are asymptomatic for atherosclerosis suggest that capillary dilation in atherosclerosis is attributable to the disease process itself and not to the effects of cigarette smoking. This dilation of cutaneous capillaries in the atherosclerotic toe nail fold may be caused by angiogenic factors released secondary to chronic

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980030405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case of “wandering” or ectopic spleen is reported. The abnormally positioned spleen, found during the dissection of a 60‐year‐old male cadaver, was located in the cavity of the true pelvis. The pedicle emerged from the upper pole of the globular spleen and extended cephalad to the epigastrium. The body and tail of the pancreas were abnormally directed caudally. The abdominal and thoracic viscera were unremarkable. An ectopic spleen should be included in the differential diagnosis of any large mass in the abdomen or

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980030406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs interest in the immunologic and energy substrate effect of partial hepatectomy has increased, a need for a reproducible model of hepatic resection has become necessary. The classic description for hepatectomy in small animals is the rat. In this report, we standardize the percentages of varying liver resection.C3H 8‐week‐old mice were subjected to 42% hepatectomy by removal of the right lobe and lateral aspect of the median lobe of the liver. Particular care was taken in ligation to avoid the gallbladder and to preserve the portal vein flow to the remaining lobes. The mortality rate for this procedure was 4%. Addition of the medial segment of the median lobe provided a 63% hepatectomy with 75% mortality. Using the operating microscope reduced this latter mortality to 17%.Important species differences exist between rat and mouse liver anatomy. The presence of the gallbladder in the mouse requires attention when employing mass ligature technique to avoid obstruction to the extrahepatic biliary tree. This can be safely and reproducibly accomplished if the hepatectomy is confined to the right lobe and lateral aspect of the median lobe. A more extensive hepatectomy in the mouse requires the operating microsc

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980030407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the individual variations of the foramen transversarium of the seventh cervical vertebra. This foramen sometimes has the same dimensions as the foramina of the other cervical vertebrae, but it can also be smaller, or absent. In cases where a foramen is present in the seventh cervical vertebra, vascular or nervous structures (or both) can be occasionally observed within the space.Results confirm that the transverse foramina of the seventh cervical vertebra almost always contain vascular and nervous branches, as well as fibrous and adipose tissue.This report concerns the findings of the macroscopic and microscopic studies concerning the contents of the transverse foramina of the seventh cervical vertebra. The study was carried out by the Department of Anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980030408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe recent distribution infra‐cranial distribution of malignant cerebral neoplasms has prompted a search for possible routes to explain such spread. The intimate connections of the intracerebral veins with the vertebral venous system, the close proximity of cerebral neoplasms to the ventricular system, and the postural hemodynamics of a largely valveless drainage system have all added another dimension to the vertebral venous circulation described by Batson. This flow pattern ascended from the sacrum to the skull. An inferior “reverse” flow is now proposed by which neoplastic cells may extend into the cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes, breast, liver, or

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980030409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe light microscopic features of the mucous membrane of intact inferior nasal concha are described. A proposal is made to standardize the terminology of tissue deep to the basement membrane as superficial or deep tunica propria. The range of epithelia found and the distribution of the various cell types and fibers present in the conchae are described. The variability of the tissue is stressed, both at gross and cellular levels. Mast cells are stained by using an Alcian blue and safranin technique in which the critical electrolyte concentration is adjusted to 0.3M MgCl2This demonstrates two sub‐types of mast cell. One is a relatively small, pale staining, spindle‐shaped, superficially located cell, containing turquoise granules, while the other is generally more deeply located, larger, round or ovoid, containing granules of dark purplish‐red. The variability of mast cell distribution shown in this study emphasizes the need for large tissue samples in any estimation of mast cell nu

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980030410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980030411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY