摘要:

AbstractAnatomic illustrations and arterioradiograms of the facial, submental, lingual and sublingual arteries, and their primary branches in the mandibulo‐perimandibular complex are routinely demonstrated unilaterally; illustration and comparison bilaterally have not been documented. The unilateral illustration mode erroneously implies arterioanatomic similarity contralaterally. Mandibulo‐perimandibular arteries in 50 stillborn human fetuses and 50 human adult cadavera were assessed. Head and neck arteries of fetal subjects were perfused with a radiopaque perfusant via the ascending thoracic aorta. Then the entire mandibular complex and tongue of each fetus was excised en bloc and radiographed from above the tongue. The radiograms showed 1) that sublingual and submental arteries and their primary rami differ in size, number, arrangement, and distribution unilaterally, as well as bilaterally and 2) that the entire mandibular body complex (including periosteum, cortex, spongiosa, and dentoparadontal structures) receives substantial sources of supply via the facial, submental, and sublingual arteries (extrinsic sources). The facial and lingual arteries and their ramifications in the adult mandibular complex were demonstrated by gross dissection. Comparison between fetal and adult mandibular arterial anatomies showed remarkable similarity. Furthermore, the results of this arterio‐anatomic assessment and the results of concurrent, independent, experimental bone surgical studies (Hadidi, Doctoral dissertation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 1985) favor a growing opinion that rami from the facial, submental, and sublingual arteries (extrinsic sources) to the mandibular body are more essential to its need than is commonly believed. © 1993 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe capillaries within the lateral ventricular choroid plexuses from 14 normal fetal brains and one 5‐year‐old child were studied with electron microscopy. Endothelial pores and simple tight junctions were not observed until a fetal age of 24 weeks. From 24 weeks through 30 weeks of fetal age, the protein particles of the tight junctions became progressively aligned into a continuous row. Only an intermittent basement‐membranelike material was found in the fetal tissues; however, a continuous basement membrane was found in tissues from a 5‐year‐old child. We suggest fluid in capillary lumina may enter the tissue space through “very leaky” endothelial tight junctions due to the fixed osmotic gradient, while the macromolecular substances pass into the tissue space by pinocytosis of the endothelial cells. The macromolecular substances may in turn be transferred into the ventricular cavities by epithelial cells. Although the pathogeny of fetal interventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is unclear, we suspect that the simple tight junctions found early in development may break down under certain abnormal vascular conditions and allow blood to leak out. Normal deficiencies in the fetal basement membrane and its weak extensibility are also factors which could contribute to fetal IVH. No relationship was demonstrated between the types and numbers of cell organelles present and fetal age. © 1993 W

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe communication between abdominal lymphatics and the vertebral venous system in canines was observed under conditions of lymphatic obstruction. After obstructing lymphatics of the lumbar trunks, lipiodol was injected into the pedal lymphatics and visualized to enter the inferior vena cava 10 days later, and the vertebral venous system 12 days later by fluoroscopy. Radiographs of the transverse sectioned vertebrae showed that the contrast medium flowed from the para‐aortic lymph nodes into the vertebral venous system and entered the vessels around the vertebrae and in the spinal canal, and the vertebral body at the ventral surface of lumbar vertebra. Histologically, the contrast medium was identified in the Haversian canal and peripheral region of the bone marrow. These results suggest that prostate cancer may metastasize the vertebral bone through the lymphatico‐venous anastomosis and vertebral venous system. © 1993 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe medial femoral circumflex artery (MFC) is important in its supply to the head and neck of the femur and to the adductor and hamstring muscles, several of which, notably the gracilis and biceps femoris, are used commonly in reconstructive surgical procedures. Considering the clinical significance of this artery, it is somewhat surprising to note the present lack of clarity of description and inconsistency of the nomenclature for this vessel and its branches, as seen in respected sources. This project was undertaken 1) to reexamine the origin, course, and distribution of the MFC and 2) to reevaluate the nomenclature in the anatomic and clinical literature for this artery and its branches. In 30 cadaveric specimens the MFC arose most commonly from the deep femoral artery (53%) or the femoral artery (40%). The MFC typically gave origin to two major ventral muscular branches and a small trochanteric branch before passing from the adductor compartment into the flexor compartment of the thigh. Thereafter, the MFC divided into an ascending branch to the hip and a descending branch to the hamstrings and sciatic nerve. We recommend the use of the terms “ascending” and “descending,” which are listed in the 6th Edition of the Nomina Anatomica, and the deletion of “transverse,” “superficial,” and “deep” as named branches of the MFC. We question the description of the “crucial” or “cruciate anastomosis,” as usually taught to medical stude

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMost anatomy textbooks state that peroneus tertius arises from the distal third of the fibula and is inserted into the fifth metatarsal. In a study of one limb from each of 40 cadavers, peroneus tertius was absent in 2 limbs, and in 35 it arose from the lower middle quarter of the fibula. The origin was continuous with that of extensor digitorum longus in 33 limbs, and the length of the origin was correlated with the width of the tendon (r = 0.67). The tendon was single in 37 limbs and double in 1. Intertendinous connections between peroneus tertius and extensor digitorum longus were found in 6 limbs. The trapezoidal insertion of peroneus tertius into the fifth metatarsal was bifurcate in two cases and trifurcate in one. Our study suggested that the standard textbook descriptions of peroneus tertius need to be revised. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo adult cases of non‐rotation were anatomically analysed. The small intestine occupied the right flank and the colon the left. The ileum crossed the midline to enter the cecum from the right. The appendix vermiformis rested on the front of the cecum and extended upwards. The cecum was located in the lesser pelvis. They had no Ladd's bands, but in the first case fibrous bands from the posterior abdominal wall caused kinking. The colon of the first case had an intricate twist under the left kidney. The second case was also complicated with three loops, the third loop posed between the first and the second, accompanied by a rare vascular anomaly, a double inferior mesenteric artery. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY