摘要:

AbstractMorphologic changes in the walls (stratum granulosa and theca interna and externa) of preovulatory follicles were studied in 15 clinically normal women. Ovulation was visualized in 11 of 15 (73%) women. Images were recorded using high‐resolution transvaginal ultrasonography. Mean follicular diameter immediately before ovulation was 20.7 ± 0.6 mm. Echoes representing thecumulus oophorus/oocyte complexwere observed in 10 of 11 (91%) follicles for which ovulation was ascertained. Thickness of the deep internal wall increased (P<0.02) beginning from 4 to 5 h before ovulation. The apical wall thinned (P<0.0001) to nondetectable limits immediately before follicular rupture. Four women (27%) did not ovulate during the imaging period [34–41 h post‐human chorionic gonadotropin hCG]. The four follicles that did not ovulate remained of uniform thickness; stigma formation was not observed. The data supported the hypothesis that ultrasonographically detectable alterations in preovulatory follicles precede ovulation. Clinical applications include prediction of the potential for, and interval to, rupture of the preovulatory follicle and timing of ova retrieval in women undergoing ovarian stimulation for amelioration of infertility. © 1992 Wiley‐

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050502

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports a segmental analysis of the lateral spinal radiographs of 37 children referred to hospital in a school screening study of 4,890 school children aged 12–13 years. On each lateral radiograph a line was drawn along the posterior surface of each vertebral body from T5‐L5 and the angle of this line from the vertical was recorded.After measuring the scoliosis curve (Cobb) angle and using conventional criteria for diagnosis, three groups of patients are defined, namely, 1) a control group (average scoliosis curve angle (Cobb) of 5°, n = 14), 2) a group with lumbar curves (average Cobb angle 21°, n = 7), and 3) a group with thoracic curves (average Cobb angle 19 degrees, n = 10). Individual lateral spinal profiles are also analyzed.The findings show: (1) In the control group, there are different degrees of vertical backward tilt (declivity) from T7–L3, with a maximum tilt at T12 (mean 26°). The most vertical vertebrae are T6 and L4, with forward tilting (proclivity) at each of (T5 and L5.2) In the lumbar curve group, the segmental sagittal tilt is not significantly different from that in the control group. The mean declivity at T12 is 25°. (3) In the thoracic curve group, the segmental sagittal tilt is significantly less than that in the control group at each of T10–L1. The mean declivity at T12 is 17°. A more vertical T12 is associated with a larger Cobb angle. (4) The individual sagittal spinal profiles of the thoracic curve group (but no other group) show lordosis in the region of the lateral spinal curve (scoliosis) and a kyphotic angulation at an average of three vertebrae below the apical vertebrae of the scoliosis curve. (5) It is suggested that as a thoracic lordoscoliosis develops, the appearance of a kyphotic angulation in the thoracolumbar and upper lumbar spine is determined by the compressibility of each disc in relation to the length of the articular processes at the corresponding level. Where the combination of disc weakness to facet length is most adverse, forward flexion occurs, as in a spinal fracture, to produce the kyphotic angulation. © 1992 Wi

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050503

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA reassessment is presented of the functional anatomy of the spine and associated musculature. Recent detailed anatomical studies of the erector spinae muscle group have shown a complex organization which is not well explained by traditional models of the mechanical behavior of the spine. In an arch‐like model for the spine this complexity is required to control the curvature and the compressive thrust along the spine to ensure mechanical stability. This model also assigns a biomechanical function to the erector spinae muscles that is consistent with their anatomical description, unlike previous lever models. Implications are that posture, the many‐curved configuration of the spine adopted during maneuvers, is important when assessing spinal function and that the spine forms a dynamic structure in which all the muscles, ligaments, discs, and vertebrae must be considered synergistically. © 1992 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050504

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo examine the microvascular changes of villi after transplantation, the small intestine was transplanted in 36 Wistar/Shi rats (16 syngeneic, 20 allogeneic; donor Lewis). At days 1, 4, 8, and 10, four rats of the syngeneic group and five of the allogeneic group were killed. Corrosion casts of the vessels of the graft were prepared and examined by scanning electron microscopy. In the grafts of each group at 1 day, the villous microvascular casts were reduced in height, and the capillary plexus was much less dense, with signs of degeneration. By 4 days, however, the villi of syngeneic grafts had been restored to normal, both in their dimensions and in the richness of the capillary plexus. On the other hand, the microvascular casts of allografts at the same stage showed the villi still to be greatly reduced in height, although the density of the capillary net had been restored essentially to normal. At 8 and 10 days, the allogeneic grafts again showed short villi, but with greatly reduced capillary networks, Our results suggest that the regeneration of intestinal villi following ischemic damage at operation is rapid in syngeneic grafts and that in allogeneic grafts the processes of rejection had started by 4 days. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050505

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe patterns of the tendons of extensor digiti minimi, extensor digitorum, and extensor indicis have been studied on the dorsum of the hands of 25 embalmed cadavers.Each of the tendons of extensor digitorum (ED) is usually single, but those of the middle and ring fingers are occasionally multiple. Intertendinous connections are of variable pattern. The ED tendon of the little finger lies closely to that of the ring finger, with which it may be fused, or it may be absent. It is suggested that it may be undergoing evolutionary reduction.Extensor digiti minimi (EDM) usually has two tendons, but may have three or four. In addition to EDM, the little finger also receives either a separate tendon, or a tendinous slip, from ED.Extensor indicis (EI) varies in the number of its tendons, in its position relative to the ED tendon to index finger, and in its connection to extensor pollicis longus tendon.Examples of supernumerary muscles (extensor digitorum brevis manus, extensor indicis brevis, and extensor pollicis et indicis communis) were also found. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050506

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of formaldehyde and formalin in clinical anatomy procedures presents special concerns relating to personnel safety, environmental safety, and regulatory compliance. It is incumbent on all clinical anatomy practitioners to appreciate these concerns and use formaldehyde in a manner that assures safe practice, environmental stewardship, and regulatory compliance. It is only with these needs in mind that it will be assured that formalin will continue to be an acceptable preservation media, and continued, uninterrupted clinical anatomy study will be possible. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050507

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractJohn C. Boileau Grant was one of the most outstanding teachers of anatomy in the 20th century. His life's work is honored by the thirty editions to which, collectively, his three textbooks have run; by the J.C.B. Grant Museum in the Anatomy Department of the University of Toronto; and by the establishment by the Faculty of Medicine of that university of a John C.B. Grant Memorial Award and Lecture. The present article is an abridgement of the first lecture in this new eponymous series. An account and an appraisal are given of Grant's life and contributions. Reference is made to the deleterious impact on anatomy of overspecialization—not of research methods and goals, but of the minds of anatomists. The catalytic and revitalizing effect that an array of new imaging techniques is exerting on the interest in, and emphasis upon, gross human morphology is stressed and the author underlines R. Ger's claim that, thereby, all gross anatomy has become clinical anatomy. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050508

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050509

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050510

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050511

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY