摘要:

AbstractThis study reports a retrospective analysis of the details of the anatomy of the renal arteries of 403 kidney donors and the arterial complications related to 513 subsequent kidney transplants in our transplant unit. Multiple renal arteries occurred bilaterally in 10.2% of donors and unilaterally in 20.8%, a total incidence of 31%. There was a higher incidence of vascular‐related complications following transplantation of kidneys with multiple renal arteries. Attention is drawn to the need for careful technique in identification of multiple renal vessels, especially aberrant vessels, at the time of donor nephrectomy and also to the different techniques available for anastomosis of multiple renal arteries in kidney transplant recipients. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050602

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn anatomic study focused on the proximal cervical spinal nerves has not been reported. Therefore, we dissected the cervical spinal nerves of three cadavers and examined stained sections in parasagittal and axial planes through the proximal cervical spinal nerves and root sheaths. These studies documented distinct segments of the spinal nerve which had not been completely described in the previous anatomic studies. The sheath originates from the dural sac as a common sleeve, divides into two sleeves, one containing the ventral root and one the dorsal root, and then distal to the dorsal root ganglion fuses again into one sleeve. A space, the interradicular cleft, separates the dorsal and ventral portions of the sleeve. The proximal segment of the spinal nerve proper distal to the dorsal root ganglion is composed of multiple small fascicles surrounded by a dense epineurium. The presence of an interradicular cleft in the cervical nerve root sheath and of fascicles in the cervical spinal nerve has significance for imaging of the cervical spinal nerves and for the pathogenesis of symptoms in cases of partial compression. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050603

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to review venous collateralization resulting from inferior vena cava obstruction. The elements responsible for the extent and distribution of venous collaterals in inferior vena cava obstruction and whether or not the obstructive lesion involves tributaries of the inferior vena cava. Common etiologies of inferior vena cava obstruction include extensions of iliofemoral vein thrombi, thrombosis from intraluminal tumors or following trauma, and external compression. The anatomy of the venous collateral systems may be divided into deep and superficial networks, each of which is composed of systems of primary or secondary clinical significance, as defined by the degree of restoration of adequate venous return and the extent of visceral venous decompression.The most common obstructions of the inferior vena cava involve the lower third of the vessel. The azygos‐hemiazygos and vertebral venous plexus systems play the most significant roles, while the superficial systems are less prominently involved. In upper level inferior vena cava obstruction, reestablishment of venous circulation is less developed, which usually leads to a poorer clinical outcome. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050604

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe anatomy of the anterior spinal artery in pigs was studied to determine whether or not the artery was continuous, as it is humans, or discontinuous. Six porcine carcasses were embalmed, and 24 hr later injected with pigmented latex through the thoracic aorta. The spinal column was removed, and the spinal cord was dissected with analysis of the anterior spinal artery. In all cases, the artery was continuous, and perfused by 18 ± 3 medullary arteries. The pig would thus be suitable as a model for the study of human diseases in which the anatomy of the anterior spinal artery is a factor. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050605

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated a normal regional variation in skeletal maturity in the United Kingdom (Kristmundsdottir et al: Ann. Hum. Biol.,11:133–139, 1984). The purpose of this study was to assess the bone age of normal children from Liverpool by the TW2 method (Tanner et al.: Assessment of Skeletal Maturity and Prediction of Adult Height (TW2 Method). Second edition. London: Academic Press, 1983). Two hundred and seventy‐three children with appropriate hand and wrist radiographs for hand injuries were assessed. When compared with the TW2 standards, there was no significant difference in the skeletal maturity of these children. © 1992 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050606

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe enumerations of the modern 12 pairs of cranial nerves by a number of anatomists are reviewed in a continuous historical perspective using original texts and modern translations. The history of the numeration of the nerves is traced from Galen's classification into seven pairs (second century A.D.), through to Willis' nine pairs (1664) and Soemmerring's 12 pairs (1778). Authors describing individual structures (e.g., trochlear and olfactory nerves) for the first time are particularly noted.The contributions made by medieval anatomists such as Achillini, Berengario da Carpi, and Massa are emphasized, as also are the political and religious constraints placed upon the practical activities of anatomists up until the 16th century. It is shown that although the classification of the nerves into 12 pairs was accepted after 1778 by European authors, British texts continued to classify them as nine pairs until the end of the 19th century. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050607

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe case of a 34‐year‐old man is reported, in whom a ligament was found at arthrotomy connecting the anterior horn of the medial meniscus of the knee joint to the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle.It appeared to be an example of a rare accessory meniscal ligament, previous reports of which are reviewed. © 1992 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050608

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050609

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050610

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050611

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY