摘要:

AbstractA knowledge of anatomy is essential for efficient and skillful placement of central venous catheters in seriously ill patients. The anatomy of the femoral, brachial, axillary, subclavian, external jugular, and internal jugular veins is described, and landmarks useful in achieving successful cannulation are discussed. Infectious and thrombotic complications of long‐term cannulation are reviewed. Catheterization of the umbilical vein in the newborn infant is a very useful alternative approach to central venous cannulation in this age grou

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe synovial folds of the patellofemoral joint have been studied in five fresh cadaveric knees through a window cut in the patella. When the knee is extended, the superior part of the patellar articular surface lies on the synovium lining the supracondylar fat pad of the femur, which has a distal leading edge and a distal excursion of 2 to 3 mm. As the knee flexes, the contact area of the patella on the femur sweeps superiorly, and the inferior articular surface is covered by the alar folds of the infrapatellar fat pad which face towards one another, and the midline of the joint. On flexion beyond 90° the alar folds move away like a curtain opening, to face away from one another. The synovium lining the infrapatellar fat pad then lies on the medial facet of the patella

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVaricocele occurs in approximately 15% of the male population. It affects the left side of the scrotum in 90% of subjects, is bilateral in 9%, and right sided in only less than 1%. Its etiology remains controversial. Hypotheses include: the longer length of the left testicular vein, its right‐angle entry into the left renal vein, the “nut‐cracker” pressure of the superior mesenteric vein, pressure of a loaded sigmoid colon, failure of the fasciomuscular venous pump of the spermatic cord, and absence of valves in the left vein.We have investigated the last hypothesis in a study of 31 male dissecting room cadavers and 15 male autopsy subjects. On the left side, valves were absent throughout the course of the main testicular vein in 20 subjects, and on the right they were absent in eight. However, on the left side six subjects also had an accessory testicular vein; in five of these, valves were absent. On the right, two subjects had an accessory vein, but both had valves present. Thus a valveless venous pathway of drainage was present in 25 of the subjects on the left and eight on the right. This difference was statistically significant toP<0.001.This correlates with the experimental production of varicocele in the dog 3 months after testicular valve destruction (Saypol et al. J Clin Invest 68:39

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe phenomenon of limb regeneration is briefly described, and factors empirically known to enhance regeneration are reviewed. Regeneration is compared to the initial development of the limb, with which it shares many similarities. Recent advances in understanding of the control mechanisms underlying regeneration are described; in particular, the role of retinoids, and their relationship with homeobox‐containing genes are considered. The long‐term prospects of inducing regeneration in human amputees are considered, and a cautious “thumbs up” is given to this notion, at least in a limit

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ligaments of the lumbar neural foramina have not been systematically described. We sectioned the lumbar spines of 15 cadavers in the sagittal plane with a cryomicrotome and identified the ligaments in the neural foramina. Fibrous ligaments were identified in every lumbar neural foramen. The most constant ligament was a band of fibrous tissue behind the anulus fibrosus and distinct from it, originating in one vertebral body and inserting in the next. Ligaments connecting the posterior disc margin and the superior articular process were found in 48% of the neural foramina. A band of fibrous tissue originating from the anulus fibrosus and inserting along the pedicle and superior articular process was found in 44% of the foramina. Three other distinct types of ligament were found less commonly. Ligaments, which some investigators believe may contribute to lateral spinal stenosis, are commonly present in the neural foramina.

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract“The Anatomy of the Clinical Examination” is a newly introduced component of the anatomical teaching of medical undergraduates at Glasgow University. It comes in the final term of the anatomy course and aims to lead students readily from the study of dissecting room cadavers to the examination of the living body. The organization of the course is explained; it is hoped that this course will be of interest to other anatomists involved in the training of medical stude

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPostal questionnaires were sent to anatomy demonstrators who had been in that post at the University of Manchester, England, between 1975 and 1986. Replies received from 83 former staff (faculty) (72% response rate), of whom 79 were medical graduates, indicated that the posts were thought of very highly for learning to teach, for studying for the Primary Examinations for Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (FRCS), and for gaining subsequent employment. The 93% success rate for those who took the Primary FRCS Examination, usually while in the post, is remarkable. The results of the survey and the future for demonstrator posts are discussed in the light of changes in the regulations for the FRCS Examinations, changes in the university environment for biological subjects, and changes in the financial circumstances of both the universities and the National Health Service.

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980050211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY