摘要:

AbstractA case of an encephalomeningocele of the frontal sinus in an adult is presented. This rare entity was found during an exploration of the frontal fossa for a cerebrospinal fluid leak and was not correlated with facial abnormalities. The embryology of the frontal sinus and bone formation is discussed and a hypothesis for the development of this abnormality, as discovered in the adult, is proposed.

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hip joints of 30 human male and female fetuses and stillborns between 20 mm and 350 mm crown‐rump length were studied by light microscopy.The ligament of the head of the femur developed in situ as a condensation of mesenchyme at the end of the second month of intra‐uterine life (IUL), and was vascularized by branches of acetabular vessels early in the fourth month. In the majority of fetuses older than 5.5 months IUL, vessels in the ligament passed a short way into the femoral head within cartilage canals, to supply a small region around the fovea capitis. The remainder of the head was supplied by vessels in canals from around the upper part of the neck.The ligament changed from predominantly cellular to fibrous during the last 4 months of IUL. This increase in strength suggested significant mechanical functions in utero: limitation of adduction‐flexion and opposition to postero‐superior dislocation were the most

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty‐six cadaveric specimens were dissected in order to study the anatomical relations between the median arcuate ligament (MAL), the celiac ganglion, and the origin of both the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries.We found that in 40 cases (87.5%) both vessels were held together by the ganglionic mass, and in 90.6%, the celiac trunk was covered, either partially or completely, by the MAL. These data indicated that this is a normal occurrence. In 10% of the cases both vessels were covered by the MAL. These anatomical findings may possibly contribute to the understanding of the socalled “median arcuate ligament syndro

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs part of a study involving three‐dimensional modeling of the hand, the intrinsic muscles of the hand were evaluated quantitatively to estimate the range of muscular forces crossing the fingers. The Brand method of dissection allowed determination of muscle volume, fiber length, and physiologic cross section to estimate the maximal force. The intrinsic muscles were grouped by components on the basis of their origins in the trilaminar scheme of Cunningham as (1) dorsal abductors from the central ray, exemplified by the bipennate dorsal interossei; (2) the intermediate layer consisting of inter‐phalangeal joint extensors, exemplified by the unipennate palmar interossei with insertions into the extensor expansion; and (3) a superficial layer of adductors arising from the third metacarpal ridge, referred to as contrahentes.The fiber lengths of either component of the dorsal interossei averaged 1.3 cm. The intermediate layer of muscle, numbered as flexores breves (FB), included the palmar interossei FB4,7,9; the superficial components of the dorsal interossei FB3,5,6,8; and the accessory adductor pollicis FB2. Fiber lengths averaged 1.7 cm. The superficial heads of the flexor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti quinti are possibly the border representations of the intermediate layer as FB1and FB10. The thenar muscles made up 37%, dorsal interossei 24%, palmar interossei (flexores breves) of the fingers 16%, lumbricals 7%, and hypothenar muscles 16% of the total intrinsic muscle mass.The ratio of muscle mass to fiber length, the physiologic cross‐sectional area, is useful in estimating available force.This quantitative analysis of the intrinsic musculature may find application in the understanding of hand function and biomech

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBilateral pharyngeal sinuses were found in a 71‐year‐old male Caucasian anatomic cadaver. As their ostia opened through the piriform recesses cranio‐ventral to the plicae of the internal branches of the superior laryngeal nerves, they were determined to be of third pharyngeal (branchial) pouch origin. A publication review revealed that this instance was the tenth case of third pharyngeal pouch sinuses reported in the English literature, and the third case describing a bilateral occurrence. Histologic sections showed the sinuses were lined with a stratified squamous epithelium that was complexly evaginated on the lateral sinus wall. Despite the tendency to accumulate ingested matter, the sinus epithelium showed no chronic pathology. A review of branchial embryology suggested that the relative rarity of third (and fourth) pharyngeal pouch vestiges may be partly explained by the “ascensus” of the hypoglossal nerve and the aortic arch migrations lateral to the pharyngeal regions derived from these more caudal branchial pouches. However, as the literature of the last two decades has surprisingly revealed reports of 28 cases of fourth pharyngeal pouch sinuses, the third pouch sinuses are now the rarest of the reported endobrachial

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA problem‐based learning experience was implemented at the University of Florida College of Medicine during the Fall, 1989 gross anatomy course for first year medical and dental students. A problem for deliberation was selected by students at one dissecting table (two medical and two dental) that related to the cadaver they were dissecting. Each member of the group picked a single topic and researched that subject either through use of the library or personal contacts with basic science or clinical faculty. Specific times within the course were established for the problem‐based sessions. Each student gave a 5 to 10 minute oral presentation to a faculty member and one or two other groups of students. The overall rating for the sessions by the students was positive (72.5% ranked them either outstanding or above average). Eighty‐two percent of the students felt that these sessions were a useful method of providing clinical correlations with gross anatomy and 81.6% stated they thought the program should be continued next year. Conversely, approximately 20% of the students responded that they could have been doing something more productive with their time and several felt it was unfair that their sessions were scheduled just prior to an examination. Overall, the opinion of the faculty was that the sessions were a positive experience, encouraged cooperation between medical and dental students, and generated additional interest in the dissecting exper

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY