ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a multifactorial condition of diverse etiology affecting synovial joints, in which the final common pathway is destruction and loss of articular cartilage (and changes in other joint structures), which normally protects the bone against compressive and shearing forces. Known causes of secondary osteoarthritis can be grouped into those that cause abnormal stresses and those that produce an abnormal cartilage. The resulting imbalance between tissue texture and mechanical environment may eventually lead to cartilage destruction.The histopathology of cartilage fibrillation is described and related to its normal structure, particularly collagen fibril orientation. Load carriage in normal cartilage involves an interaction between the fibril mesh, proteoglycan, and water. Possible defects in normal matrix organization may lead to failure of this mechanism and to structural breakdown of the cartilage. Biochemical changes in the matrix in early osteoarthritis, particularly in experimental models, are described. The initial change, before loss of proteoglycan or fibril breakage, is an increased water content. A similar change is seen in normal cartilage after brief exercise. There may be a mechanism common to both the normal reversible change (thus providing a means for adaption to changed stresses) and the pathological prolonged change.Chondrocyte metabolism and its modification in early degenerative change are described. Factors regulating metabolism include nutrition, growth factors and cytokines, ionic constitution of the matrix, and mechanical stimuli. Known causes of secondary osteoarthritis may act via these factors to cause changes in cell metabolism that play a part in the initiation and ongoing pathogenesis of cartilage failure.

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe lumbar spinal canal may become narrowed as a result of a congenital defect (developmental stenosis) or following other changes associated with the vertebral column or its related structures (acquired stenosis). Stenosis of the canal may predispose the roots of the cauda equina to pressure or entrapment and consequently cause low back pain. Evidence suggests that the sagittal diameter is probably more frequently involved in stenotic lesions. Measurement of diameters from plain radiographs have been shown to yield valuable diagnostic information. In view of the diversity of shape and sizes in the human lumbar spinal canal, norms are needed for individual populations.In the present study, plain lateral radiographs of 150 male and 150 female adult Saudi subjects were measured. The mean sagittal diameters and standard deviations of lumbar levels L1 to L5 are reported for the first time within this population. A reliable method of delimiting the posterior boundary of the canal has also been described. The pattern of segmental variation of the diameters of the lumbar canal in normal adult Saudis was found to be similar to that in other populations, but the mean diameters were different. Norms of the canal: body ratio were also established for use in rapid evaluation of patients.

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTissue taken from 20 patients during inferior turbinectomy was examined to elucidate the ultrastructure of mast cells, previously studied histologically, when we had noted differences in their size, granule content and staining characteristics, in epithelium, superficial and deep tunica propria of nasal mucosa.This ultrastructural study revealed that intra‐epithelial mast cells were common, but often had fewer and more irregularly shaped granules than those in other areas. Mast cells were numerous in superficial tunica propria; they were small and spindle‐shaped, with relatively few roundish granules, and appeared motile. Those in deeper tunica propria were larger and round or ovoid, with many roundish granules. The deeply located cells were fewer and often totally surrounded by large areas of collagen fibers. Association of mast cells with other cells was frequently noted, particularly in superficial layers, often with attenuated processes of fibroblasts and also frequently with one or more plasma cells or another mast cell.Although mast cells and unmyelinated or myelinated nerve were frequently seen in close association, specialized nerve endings were never observed.The distribution of mast cells and their granule characteristics correlates well with our earlier published histological observati

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe surface markings used by authors for structures in the inguinal region were reviewed and differences noted. In this study of 40 cadaveric limbs the surface markings of both the deep inguinal ring and the femoral artery were found to lie closer to the midinguinal point than to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament, which lay lateral to both structures considered. Usually the femoral artery was located lateral to the medial margin of the deep inguinal ring, but occasionally lay medial. In some subjects poor definition of the bony features rendered precise localisation of the positions of the pubic tubercle and anterior superior iliac spine difficult. The origin of the inferior epigastric artery, often used to identify the medial margin of the deep inguinal ring, was subject to variation. A single surface marking, namely the midinguinal point, is suggested for both the femoral artery and the deep inguinal ring on grounds of accuracy, simplicity, and ease of identification.

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper discusses the trochanteric branch of the ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery which has been demonstrated in 42 cadavers, and the possible utilization of the greater trochanter as a vascularized bone graft.

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn 81 year old man who had a reducible right inguinal hernia for 40 years presented with a 4 day history of irreducibility and a 2 day history of tenderness in his hernial sac. At operation a gangrenous appendix was found in the inguinal canal lateral to and outside the sac of an indirect hernia. This condition has not previously been described.

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY