摘要:

The Nickel Directive will become law in the countries of the European Union in 1996. This directive slates that the concentration of nickel in post assemblies (used after ear piercing) may not exceed 0.05% that products which come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin. e.g. earrings, watchstraps or zippers, may not release greater than 0.5 μg/cm2/week, and that nickel release from coated products will not exceed this level after 2 years of normal use. The data relating to the threshold for reacting to nickel and the levels of nickel release from nickel‐containing objects, are considered in this review. Although the level of 0.5 μg/cm2/week is one below, which a minority of nickel‐allergic subjects will react, it is not safe in every nickel‐sensitive individual, This level of nickel release is currently exceeded by many nickel‐containing alloys and jewellery items that are made from high‐sulfur stainless steel, and manufacturers are going to have to change the composition of jewellery to comply with th

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We report 3 cases of contact dermatitis in rosin‐sensitive individuals caused by exposure to airborne rosin components from different sources. Case no. 1 was a female office worker with a facial dermatitis caused by rosin components which emanated from the linoleum floor covering in her office. Floor material containing wood flour and rosin was released into the air, causing a facial dermatitis in the rosin‐sensitive subject. Case no. 2 involved a woman who worked in a factory producing dairy product cartons and had a dermatitis on her lower legs, lower arms and upper chest. Her dermatitis was caused by dust from the paper cartons and contact allergy to rosin components probably aggravated her dermatitis. Case no. 3 was a female office worker with a relapsing dermatitis on her eyelids. Her dermatitis was caused by a rosin‐containing floor polish, which was seen as a powder on the office floor. Extracts of suspected material and products were patch tested and analysed for the presence of rosin components with HPLC and GC techniques. A discussion and recommendations on chemical analyses of rosin components follow. We conclude that a thorough investigation, including chemical analyses, can rule out non‐specific diagnoses and offer a solution to the patient's skin p

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Contact dermatitis is a cutaneous inflammatory reaction mediated by hapten‐specific T cells. We used a murine model to investigate the contact sensitivity reaction elicited by different concentrations (optimal and suboptimal) of the haptens DNFB and oxazolone applied singly or in combination. The simultaneous application of DNFB and oxazolone at optimal concentrations (0.2% and 0.4% respectively) did not significantly increase the ear swelling response induced by each of the allergens when applied singly. No contact sensitivity response was observed when the haptens were tested individually at subthreshold concentrations (0.05% and 0.1% respectively). However mixing the 2 molecules at the same concentrations gave rise to a clinical contact sensitivity reaction. The simultaneous application of the haptens at a 2× higher, but still suboptimal concentrations (0.1% and 0.2% respectively), elicited an inflammatory response that was significantly greater than the responses elicited by either of the haptens when applied separately. These results suggest that a “false‐positive” reaction to a mix may reveal a genuine sensitization to the cons

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02388.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Patch test data of 1000 consecutive patients sensitive to at least 1 substance of our standard series showed that transition metals gave associated reactions amongst themselves more frequently than they did with the remaining substances. The responses to transition metals were largely variable and seemed dependent not only upon the associated exposure to different metals or the concomitant responses of the T cell clones, as reported by others, but also upon the chemical properties of the metals and the consequent interactions inside the skin. Concomitant reactions to nickel sulfate and palladium chloride were the most frequently found associated positivities and occurred in a minority of nickel‐sulfate‐sensitive subjects. In 43 out of 45 of these subjects, patch tests to mixed solutions containing nickel sulfate, plus sulfates of magnesium, zinc, and manganese at higher doses, were not able to reduce the nickel sulfate reactions. This behaviour contracted with that found in the majority of subjects sensitive only to nickel sulfate. These findings seem to demonstrate that, whilst in subjects with positive reactions to nickel sulfate alone antigen formation involves biomolecules containing ions, in those with concomitant reactions to palladium chloride, other structures are invol

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02389.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of sensitization to fatty alcohols in a group of patients with suspected cosmetic or medicament contact dermatitis. From May 1992 to September 1995. we patch tested a series of 5 Italy alcohols on 140 patients. These included 108 females and 38 males aged from 13 to 12 years (mean age 42.5). These patients, who had previously been tested with the GIRDCA standard series, were selected because their clinical lesions or histories indicated topical preparations as the possible source of their contact dermatitis. High‐grade fatly alcohols (>99% pure) were used for testing. 34 patients (23.2%). 25 female and 9 male aged from 14 to 72 years, showed a positive patch lest to fatty alcohols. 33 of them to oleyl alcohol. A total of 39 reactions were detected with 5 patients showing more than I positive reaction. Our results show that senzitization to oleyl alcohol is not rare in patients with contact dermatitis due to cosmetics or topical medicament

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02390.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most rosin (colophony) used today is chemically modified. Will contact allergy 10 modified rosin be overlooked when testing is performed with only unmodified rosin in the standard series? 2 components from modified rosins. maleopimaric acid (MPA) and glyceryl 1‐monoahietale (GMA), earlier identified us contact allergens, were added to the patch lest standard series. Some commonly‐used modified rosin products were also tested. Positive reactions were observed to the modified components MPA and GMA. Of the patients with positive reactions to MPA and GMA. several did not react to unmodified rosin in the standard series. No reaction was observed to the modified rosin products without a concomitant reaction to unmodified rosin. The positive reactions observed to the modified rosins may be due to residual unmodified material in the product, but a possible contribution from allergenic modified rosin components cannot be disregarded. When u patient's history indicates a rosin allergy, but a negative response to unmodified rosin in the standard series is observed, additional testing with GMA and MPA or, second best, with glycerol‐esterified rosin and maleic‐anhydride‐modified rosin is recommended. Some modified rosin products, which could be used for additional testing, are

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02391.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We report 4 cases of contact sensitization to propacetamol. The presented with legions on the hands, forearms, crease of the elbows, and neck. They were all sensitized to multiple allergens and 2 of them were atopic. Patch tests to Pro‐Dafalgan® and propacetamol were positive: sodium citrate and paracetamol were negative. Our cases were similar to those published for the first time by Barbaud in 1995. The only allergen was propacetamol: patch tests with diethyglycine and paracetamol were negative. Propacetamol chlorhydrate is composed of a complex paracetamol‐diethylgycine, which probably acts like a hapten capable of inducing cutaneous allergy. It is an occupational allergy affecting nurses who work in surgery departments or post‐ancsthesia recovery rooms, where high doses of analgesics are widely used. The patients were not allergic lo oral paracetamol. Despite the usual precautions, the mixture of propacetamol chlorhydrate and solvent leaks onto the nurses' hands, suggesting that health care workers handling propacetamol chlorhydrate should wear

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02392.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02393.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02395.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02396.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY