摘要:

The guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) has played a primary rôle in the evaluation the evaluation of potential skin contact sensitizers for 25 years. In the OECD Guideline 406 from 1993, it is specifically suggested that equivocal results from the initial challenge in the GPMT should he evaluated further with a repeated challenge. However, there exist few published rechallenge data and the guideline does not describe how rechallenge data should be interpreted. In this paper, we have used examples from published results to illustrate both the positive value and the limitations of repeated challenges, including cross challenge. Testing with modified concentrations may also help to indicate whether or not the response is allergic in nature, particularly where there has been a low level of skin reaction observed in shamtreated controls, or where a low level of skin reaction is the dominant response in the test animals. In conclusion, the data presented demonstrate that, as a tool for the investigation of skin sensitizing potential, the GPMT can benefit from an experienced scientific evaluation of rechallenge data, but that this information should not be treated in a mechanistic fashion

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02330.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bioban P 1487. consisting of the 2 active ingredients 4‐[2‐nitrobutylt]‐morpholine (M) and 4.4′‐(2‐ethyl‐2‐nitro‐1.3‐propanediyl)‐his morpholine (DM), is a preservative recommended for metal working fluids. The aims of this study were to assess the frequency of contact allergy so Bioban P 1487. when added 10 a standard patch lest series, as well us to test the individual active ingredients in patient‐ sensitized to Bioban P 1487. Of the patients consecutively tested, 1.5% reacted positively to Bioban P 1487. Positive test reactions were noted in only 4 of 12 Bioban P 1487‐sensitized patients tested with the individual active ingredient. Both active ingredients are contact sensitizers. but in most patients with this contact allergy it remains difficult to identi

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02331.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The correct identification of potential skin sensitizers is an essential first step in enabling a proper risk assessment to be made and to permit the implementation of appropriate risk management practices designed to avoid the induction of sensitization, Consequently, regulatory guidelines around the world demand that new substances are evaluated to assess their skin sensitization potential. There are two guinea pig test methods which are generally recognised, the guinea pig maximisation test (GPMT) and the occluded patch test described by Buehler. In different countries, one procedure seems to be more prevalent and acceptable to regulatory authorities than the other. Notably, in the European Union, the latest revision of the Annex V (Directive 92/32/EC) Test Method for skin sensitization asks that justification should be given in the situation where the notifi this paper, the validity of the Buehler protocol in the context of European legislation is critically examined. Results from two laboratories are collated. showing that the method can identify significant contact allergens, particularly those which would he registered formally as such according to European legislation. It is demonstrated that minor methodological variations can he tolerated without compromising tesi sensitivity, hut it is recommended that suitable positive control testing is the best way to ensure proper test conduct.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent data suggest a key rôle for IL‐1β in the induction phase of allergic contact dermatitis. In the present study, (he protein levels of IL‐1β were measured in skin lymph derived from normal untreated skin as well as from irritant and allergic (induction and elicitation phase) contact dermatitis. IL‐1β increased in the course of both types of contact dermatitis, displaying the highest levels in irritant CD. Using a reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, low signal strength of IL‐1β mRNA was demonstrated in lymph cells derived from normal skin and allergic CD. In lymph cells collected 2 × daily during the induction phase of allergic contact dermatitis, no upregulation of the IL‐1β mRNA signal was found. Isolated CD 1a+lymph cells derived from normal skin us welt as from the induction and elicitation phase of allergic contact dermatitis did not express IL‐1β mRNA. Our results demonstrate that in human skin lymph, the IL‐1β p profiles do not discriminate between irritant and allergic contact dermatitis and that besides resident epidermal and dermal cells, circulating lymph cells may also contribute to

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02333.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

About 1000 patients were investigated at our clinic during 1991 for occupational skin disease. and 5 had occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. The patients were chefs, or kitchen, coffee room, and restaurant workers. All patients had hand (or finger) dermatitis. The causative spices were: garlic, cinnamon, ginger, allspice and clove, The same patients also had allergic patch test reactions to foods: tomato, lettuce and carrot. Paprika elicited a weak allergic patch test reaction in 2 patients. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices is relatively rare, but needs to be taken into consideration in patients who have hand dermatitis, and work with spices and foods, Patch testing with spices as is useful, but testing with dilutions in pet, may be needed to confirm that the patch test reactions are allergic. Patients also need to be prick tested with spices and foods.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02334.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has been reported that occlusive treatment of irritated skin results in a reduction of barrier repair activities in hairless mice. In contrast, the clinically observed benefit of occlusion in the treatment of hand eczema and other chronic skin diseases with a perturbed barrier function is well–known. While the beneficial effect of occlusion has been proven for the treatment on psoriasis there are no controlled clinical studies of the effect of occlusion on irritated human skin. We have therefore evaluated the effect of various occlusive treatments on repair of the human skin permeability barrier under controlled experimental conditions. Barrier perturbation was induced either by application of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or by repeated tape stripping. This was followed by treatment with different occlusive and semipermeable dressings, partly alter pre‐treatment with petrolatum. Repair of water barrier function was evaluated by daily measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) for 1 week. SLS irritation and tape stripping led to a 6‐fold increase in TEWL as a sign of severe water barrier perturbation, followed by a stepwise decrease over the following days. Occlusion did not significantly delay barrier repair as measured by TEWL. Only in tape‐stripped skin did TEWL stay at high levels during treatment with self‐adhesive dressings. This may be explained by damage of newly formed stratum corneum caused by changing of these membranes. Our results indicate that, in contrast to earlier observations in hairless mouse skin, permeability barrier repair activities are not significantly delayed by occlusive treatment in h

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Allergy to oil Of turpentine has diminished largely due to the use of cheaper substitutes in many occupations. However, 2 particular areas still reliant on real oil of turpentine are those of the perfume industry and ceramic decoration. We report 24 cases of hand dermal it is in pottery workers involved in ceramic decoration, paintresses, liners, gilders, enamellers and a line china painter. seen in a 6‐month period following a change from Portuguese to Indonesian turpentine, of whom 14 were sensitive to Indonesian turpentine. 8 to α‐pinene. 4 to Δ‐3‐carene and 2 positive to turpentine peroxides, Previous reports suggest that, Δ‐3‐carene is the main allergen and reports of sensitivity to α‐pinene in the absence of sensitivity to Turpentine peroxide, in particular to the hydro‐peroxide of. Δ‐3‐carcne. are few. Turpentine allergy continues Lo be a problem in The pottery industry and is more common than allergy to the heavy metals of the colours used in ceramic decoration. α‐pinene, an unusual allergen, appears to he the most common in our area. Reversion to Portuguese turpentine seems to

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY