摘要:

A study was made of the comparability and reproducibility of the results of measurements of water loss, both in vitro and in vivo, using 4 Servo Med Evaporimeters (3 single–probe and 1 double–probe instrument). The optimum time for recording transepidermal water loss (TEWL) after the initial application of the probe to the skin (in vivo), and the best technique for optimizing the accuracy of measuring TEWL were determined. An evaporation device with a constant level of water loss was constructed for in vitro studies. The volar aspect of the right forearm skin of one subject was used in vivo. Both in vitro and in vivo measurements showed that there were some differences between the results of 4 of the 5 probes. The other probe was distinctly out of range. For all probes, the reproducibility of results of successive measurements was high. Stabilization of TEWL values was reached for all probes from 30–45 s after their initial application to the skin. It is recommended that TEWL be recorded for a further 30–s period, after the initial stabilization (45 s), and that this be taken as the true value. The manufacturer's recommended calibration procedure is based only on adjustments for the standard specified humidities and zero water loss. The importance of incorporating an additional calibration procedure which includes adjustments for an actual standard constant water loss is thus strongly s

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this study, 333 nurses, 92 dentists and 167 doctors were investigated. Most positive patch tests obtained were unrelated to occupation. Nurses were most often sensitized to penicillins and, of the disinfectants, formaldehyde was the commonest cause of occupational dermatitis. Among dentists, the most common occupational allergens were eugenol and mercuric chloride. Among surgeons, as compared with physicians, there were frequent reactions to mercuric chloride and balsam of Peru, and a higher number of positive patch tests with other contactants. Among those sensitized to chromium, 4 doctors found that contact with chromic catgut was harmful. 6 other doctors were intolerant to surgical gloves. A number of nurses and doctors had an irritant contact dermatitis from chlorhexidine.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The potential of 3 sunscreens (p‐aminobenzoic acid, 4‐isopropyldibenzoylmethane and homosalate) and 2 known human photoallergens (musk ambrette and tetrachlorosalicylanilide) to cause photoallergy, phototoxicity, and/or contact sensitization was determined using a guinea pig photoallergy model, as previously described by Harber and associates. The model was slightly modified by employing 6 exposures over 2 weeks and using Hill Top Chambers® for application of the test material. Contact photoallergy was detected in guinea pigs treated with musk ambrette or tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA), although with TCSA, a lower incidence of contact sensitivity and phototoxicity was also detected. The results of studies conducted with sunscreens showed that p–aminobenzoic acid was photoallergenic, whereas homosalate and 4‐isopropyl‐dibenzoylmethane (Eusolex® 8020) were not. However, contact sensitization, and to a lesser degree primary irritation, was detected with Eusolex® 8020 at the concentrations employed in this study. The results of these studies suggest that this guinea pig model is a suitable model for assessing the photoallergic potential of various compounds, including the sunscreens tested i

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We report a 46–year–old patient with an eczematous eruption on sun–exposed areas which we believe was caused by carbamazepine intake. Oral provocation with the drug produced papulo–vesicular eruptions that were greatly potentiated by long–wave ultraviolet irradiation. Positive reactions to carbamazepine were elicited by patch and photopatch tests and by lymphocyte stimulation tests 6 months after cessation of the intake of carb

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The rôle of different factors in the susceptibility of the skin to weak irritants was studied by means of multiple linear regression models. The skin of 37 healthy subjects was exposed to a solution of sodium lauryl sulphate of low molarity 2 × daily for 4 days. The condition of the skin was evaluated by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements on the 1st day (before exposure, TEWL1) and on the 5th day of exposure (TEWL5), and by a visual scoring system. The TEWL5 value was strongly related to the TEWL1 value (R = 0.71). The influence of such factors as history of mucosal atopy, history of sensitivity to soap, dry skin, skin type, sex and age on the TEWL5 value was negligible. The baseline TEWL level (TEWL1) might be a reliable indication of an individual's susceptibility to weak irritant

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

45 patients (34 patients with PLE, 11 with phototoxic or photoallergic dermatitis) were photopatch tested to tiaprofenic acid. In 23 patients (51%), phototoxic reactions were found. Positive reactions appeared within 0.5 to 48 h of irradiation. Although each patient was irradiated with 2 different UVA light sources, with significantly different energy outputs (10 J/cm2against 72 J/cm2), the intensity and duration of positive reactions was virtually the same. We found a considerably higher rate of positive reactions than other investigators, independent of the light energy delivered. None of the patients gave a history of previous tiaprofenic acid exposure.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

19 adults were patch tested to urushiol, the allergen in poison ivy/oak, to determine their sensitivity to this allergen after working in a cashew nut shell oil (CNSO) processing plant. The cashew nut tree and poison ivy/oak are in the same botanical family, Anacardiaceae, and they share similar chemicals which cause allergic contact dermatitis. 13 of the 19 workers had a preemployment history of poison ivy sensitivity, with 10 developing CNSO dermatitis. After working in this factory for several months, 9 of the 13 noticed a decreased sensitivity or no sensitivity to poison ivy/oak. When tested to urushiol extract, only 3 reacted positively, 2 minimally. These results imply that hyposensitization to poison ivy/oak occurred in these employees after development of hardening to cashew nut shell oil.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In an epidemiological study of 286 metalworkers exposed to metalworking fluids (MWF), the prevalence of contact sensitization was investigated. In part I, irritant contact dermatitis in metal workers has been discussed. In 40 employees with dermatitis, patch tests were performed with a routine series, a series of common components of MWF, and a series of preservatives the employees worked with. Contact sensitization was established in 8 persons (2.8% of all workers), of whom 4 were allergic to biocides and/or corrosion inhibitors. Difficulties in interpretation of the relevance of positive reactions are discussed. Attention is paid to the use of biocides in MWF, their various types and their sensitizing capacities. Measures to reduce the induction of contact sensitization to preservatives in water‐based fluids are discusse

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Patients with a previous contact allergy to lanolin (wool alcohols and/or Amerchol L 101) were patch tested 1 to 4 years later with lanolin allergens, as well as purified anhydrous lanolin contained in a commercial cream. At this retest, only 20 out of 33 patients with a previous contact allergy to lanolin reacted to lanolin allergens, and only 1 to the purified lanolin (as is). None reacted to the commercial cream containing 6% purified lanolin, this being ascertained by patch test as well as by usage test. To avoid bias at reading, patch tests were applied in a randomized computer‐based order and read blindl

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 39‐year‐old metal polishing mechanic had had an acute‐on‐chronic eczematous eruption on sun‐exposed skin for 2 years. It improved in winter. He had been using an insoluble oil, CRT 20®, as a cutting oil for 20 years. The cutting oil itself and mineral oil, which was one of its ingredients, showed positive reactions on photopatch testing. The difference action spectrum with or without mineral oil application, assessed at 48 h, ranged from 300 to 350 nm, with a peak at 320 nm. This is the 1st report of photoallergic contact dermatitis due to m

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY