摘要:

Skin harrier function was studied after use of occlusive gloves on normal and compromised skin. 2 studies were performed (Study A and B), and the effects were evaluated by non‐invasive methods. Participants in the studies were instructed to wear an occlusive glove on one hand, while the other hand served as control. The gloves used were hypoallergenic, non‐latex. Study A: 20 volunteers wore a glove on normal skin 6 h/day for 3 days. Study B: 20 volunteers wore a glove on sodium fauryl sulfa lei S LSI‐compromised skin 6 h/day for 3 days. Skin harrier function was evaluated by measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) (Evaporimeter), skin hydration by electrical capacitance (Corneometer) and inflammation was evaluated by erythema index (DermaSpetrometer). Results: Study A. Glove occlusion on normal skin 6 h/day for 3 days caused no significant influence on the water barrier function. Study B: Glove occlusion on SLS‐compromised skin for the same period of time had a significantly negative effect on the water barrier function. It is concluded that occlusion may be an additional factor in the pathogenesis of cumulative irritant contact der

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A female patient, with a previous episode of contact dermatitis caused by a blue dress developed similar dermatitis due to a navy ‐blue dress. Patch tests revealed multiple allergic positive reactions to paraphenylenediamine (PPD). The navy‐blue dress, its extracts, 6 azo disperse dyes in a textile series, as well as 3 dye components, including Disperse (DP) Red 153, which were present in the dress: these were composed of 9 azo disperse dyes, all dyes being of a different chemical structure. On the basis of chemical similarities between these 16 azo dyes including PPD, these are classified into the following 4 groups: thiazol‐azoyl‐PPD group (including DP Blue 106. DP Blue 12‐1 and 5 used dyes), aminoazobenzene group (DP Red 1. DP Red 17. DP Brown 1 and 2 used dyes). PPD group (PPD and DP Orange 3) and benzothiazol‐azoyl‐PPD group (2 dyes in DP Red 153). With few exceptions, cross‐sensitizations between dyes in the same group have been reported by other authors, or are suggested by us, in the former 3 groups. Multiple azo disperse dye sensitization is therefore considered lo be attributable mainly to group sensitizatio

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Closed patch testing and the nitrocellulose replica method are performed as useful clinical methods for the evaluation of human skin irritation by cosmetics and topical medicaments. Comparison of the sensitivity between microscopic scoring by nitrocellulose‐replica method and visual scoring by closed patch test in the detection of skin irritation, however, has not been well studied with statistical analysis. Here, we evaluated human skin irritation by carboxylic acids. Alcohols, esters and aldehydes, with different chain length (C8‐C18), using both methods. The results of closed patch testing showed that, although the score of skin irritation for carboxylic acids (C8, C12), alcohols (C8) and aldehydes (C8), tested at a concentration of 0.5m‐2.0m. significantly increased with increasing concentration of the test compounds, ester compounds scarcely caused any irritation on the surface of the skin occluded. In addition, an increase of carbon chain length in the test compounds made it impossible to detect skin irritation. In contrast, the nitrocellulose‐replica method could evaluate skin reactions against very weak irritants that gave no macroscopic alterations on the skin surface in the closed patch test. However, the scoring system is somewhat subjective and should be improved to make the analysis more ob

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In an epidemiological study of occupational dermatitis in 5 different show factories, 246 workers were interviewed, examined and patch tested using standard and occupational patch test series. The prevalence of occupational contact dermatitis was 14.6% (36/246): 8.1% (20/246) irritant contact dermatitis (OACD). Among the latter, the most common occupational allergens were p‐tert‐butylphenol‐formaldehyde resin and mercaptobenzothiazole. 6% (15/246) presented with hyperkeratosis of the fingertips, while 3.2% (8/246) reported prutitus sine materia (PSM) present only during working hours. 2 workers presented with vitiligo‐like leukodermic patches on the backs of their hands and on their forearms. Some jobs were more frequently associated with skin complaints. In the assembly department, OACD was most frequent (11.4%), attributed to contact with adhesives and, to a lesser degree, with rubber and leather, OICD caused by contact with the solvents contained in adhesives and varnishes was probably caused by the dust present in the working environment was reported by 33.3% of the workers in the sole‐cutting and scraping departments. Hyperkeratosis of the fingertips, as a reaction to the continuous trauma of leather on the skin, was observed most frequently (41.6%) in the sole‐cutting

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rubber chemicals are among the most common occupational contact sensitizers. The most common rubber sensitizers are thiurams, thiazoles, carbamates and paraphenylenediamine derivatives. Here we present data on a less‐well‐know rubber chemical, N‐(cyclohexylthio) phthalimide (CTP; CAS 17796‐82‐6). This chemical is currently the most widely used vulcanization retarder, but data on allergic contact dermatitis caused by CTP are lacking. We conducted a survey of 310 patients who had been patch tested with 30 rubber chemicals including CTP 11 (3.5%) showed an allergic patch test reaction provoked by CTP and 9.0% by thiurams. 4 of the patients reacted only to CTP and not to other rubber chemicals. Whereas the other 7 concomitantly reacted to other rubber chemicals. After analyzing the patch test data of these 11 patients, it was concluded that CTP probably did not cross‐react with the other rubber chemicals. Therefore the patch test results may indicate independent sensitization to CTP and other rubber chemicals. Because very little data on the components of rubber chemicals in rubber products are available, the source of the putative sensitization to the rubber vulcanization retarder CTP

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hand dermatitis is common in workers employed in the cutting and grinding of metals. Previous studies have given conflicting results on the prognosis of this common occupational disease. This study was designed to determine the prognosis of hand dermatitis in metalworkers and the responsible allergens. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 64 patients seen between 1 and 5 years previously in the contact dermatitis clinic. Of the 51 patients responding, 82% still had hand dermatitis. There was no difference in outcome between those who continued to work with metals and oils, and those who had changed their occupation. Hand dermatitis in metalworkers carries a poor prognosis, with most workers remaining symptomatic even if they no longer had occupational exposure to metals or oils. This study also demonstrates that biocides are the most important allergen group in the aetiology of hand dermatitis in metalworkers.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02107.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We report a case of delayed hypersensitivity to a low‐molecular‐weight heparin. The patient presented with eczema at the site of subcutaneous injections and allergy testes confirmed the clinical diagnosis. There were positive tests with 3 low‐molecular‐weight heparins and unfractionated subcutaneous calcium heparin but negative with intravenous sodium heparin. Although delayed hyper‐sensitivity to low‐molecular‐weight heparins is rare, the possibility of cross‐allergy to unfractionated heparin could be a therapeutic problem fo

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The objective of the study was to obtain further experience on the applicability of 2 tests for clinical assessment of formaldehyde exposure. About 1300 products brought in by caosecutive formaldehyde‐sensitive eczema patients during a 2‐year period were tested with both the chromotropic acid test and the acetylacetone test. The chromotropic acid test was modified by including a 2nd reading after 2 days. The outcome was identical for about 90% of the products, and 74% of he products that were positive on day 2 were also positive on day 2. For products analyzed with both the chromotropic acid test (day 2 readings) and the acetylacetone test. About 80% gave identical results. Positive reactions were frequently found for hair shampoo, creams and lotions, soap and skin cleansers. Make‐up and dishing liquids. The samples causing discolouration or problems in the tests were mostly concentrated in specific product categories. Very few products caused problems in both test methods. Thus, the most convenient test can be used as the 1st choice and, for product categories causing discolouration or problems with a specific test, the other test method can be

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study of the prevalence of allergic patch test reactions to palladium chloride compared to nickel sulfate was performed in a group of Finnish schoolchildren. All adolescents 14–18 years of age in a Finnish town with 40 000 inhabitants, who had received orthodontic treatment with metallic appliances at a municipal dental clinic, were included in the study. The selection of patients was based on patient records. A non‐treatment control group was randomly selected from the same age groups of the town population. A total of 700 subjects (77% of those invited), 417 (60%) girls and 283 (40%) boys, participated. The majority (91%) of the girls had pieced ears. Orthodontic treatment was equally common (67–70%) in the boys and the girls. The girls had a much higher frequency of allergic patch test reactions to both nickel sulfate and palladium chloride. Of the 700 adolescents tested 48 (7%) had an allergic patch test reaction to palladium chloride. Of the 417 girls, 44 (11%) were palladium‐chloride‐positive, whereas only 4 of the 283 boys tested (1%) had an allergic patch test reaction to palladium chloride 3 patients reacted to palladium chloride only, whereas all other patients with allergic patch test reactions to palladium chloride also had an allergic patch test reaction to nickel sulfate. The results support the concept of cross‐reactivity between nickel sulfate and palladium chloride. The clinical significance of the allergic patch test reactions caused by palladium chloride rema

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lowering the water‐soluble chromium content of cement to<2 ppm has been suggested to diminish tile risk of allergic hand dermatitis caused by chromium among construction workers. The prevalence of chromium dermatitis was determined for a representative sample of 913 house construction workers and 707 concrete element prefabrications workers, with a questionnaire and clinical examination, before the use of cement with such H low content of water‐soluble chromium was Lined on Finnish construction sites in 1987. The prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis caused by water‐soluble chromium, diagnoses confirmed with patch tests among the workers with hand dermatitis, was 9/ 117 (7.7%). 4 of them were new 4/105 (4%) and 5 had been diagnosed earlier. In 1997, the prevalence of work‐related hand dermatitis (allergic and irritant together) was 6.8% among the construction workers and 8.9% among the concrete element prefabrication workers. The Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases was checked for reports of chromium dermatitis and other forms of hand dermatitis from 1978 to 1992. The results indicated that, after 1987, the occurrence of allergic contact dermatitis caused by chromium decreased to less than 1/3 the previous level, whereas the occurrence of irritant contact dermatitis remained stable throughout the observation period. Regardless of some potential confounders, the addition of ferrous sulfate to cement during the production process may have reduced the number of cases of allergic contact dermatitis among construction and concrete element prefabrication workers. Our results agree with the results of Danish studies and Swedish obser

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY