摘要:

This review summarizes current knowledge of the pathophysiological events which lie behind the development of contact dermatitis. The clinical distinction between allergic and irritant eczema is discussed. New observations are evaluated on our understanding of how allergic and irritant eczema may in many respects be similar, evolving through common physiological pathways of immune inflammation.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study evaluates the influence of mineral oil and linoleic‐acid‐containing emulsions on the skin vapour loss (SVL) of detergent‐induced irritant skin reactions. During a period of 2 weeks, 2 × 45 min applications of a sodium lauryl sulphate solution of low molarity were performed on the forearm of 9 volunteers. In the same period, a standard amount of each emulsion was applied on the induced irritant skin reactions, 3 times each day. The effect of the emulsions on the barrier function of the skin was evaluated by means of SVL measurements. The emulsion based on mineral greases significantly reduced SVL values during both weeks, possibly because of an occlusive effect. The emulsion with 15% of linoleic acid significantly reduced SVL values during the 1st week but not during the 2nd week. The emulsion with 38% of linoleic acid did not reduce SVL values

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

20 patients complaining of contact lens intolerance were patch tested to a contact lens solution and a contact lens components battery. Contact urticaria testing was also carried out. 8 patients had positive delayed reactions on patch testing, 6 patients had positive contact urticaria reactions, and 9 patients had no reactions. These results are discussed and possible alternative diagnoses for the 9 undiagnosed patients are proposed.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

125 children under the age of 12 years were patch tested over a period of 7 years. 60 (48%) of the children had 1 or more positive (+ve) reactions, of which 92% (55/60) were considered relevant. The most common allergens were metals (35 +ves), fragrances (24 +ves) and rubber compounds (11 +ves). 40 of the children were also tested for contact urticaria against food additives and fragrances, of whom 20 were positive (benzoic acid 14, cinnamaldehyde 12).

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to develop a new model for the induction of chronic irritant contact dermatitis, which would reflect well the conditions of daily practice. Various weak irritant agents were tested for irritating potency on the skin and the sensitivity of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements in the detection of early skin changes was also studied. 10 widely used surfactants and 1 solubilizer were applied to the skin of the forearms of healthy volunteers in aqueous solutions of 12.5 millimoles/1 for 45 min twice daily for 3 weeks. The effect on the skin was evaluated daily by means of TEWL measurements and by a visual scoring system. Each solution caused an increase in TEWL value over time due to the cumulative irritating action on the epidermal barrier. This increase in TEWL was different for the various solutions, resulting in different mean TEWL values on the last day of the experiment. Thus, it was possible to rank the agents according to irritating potency. This ranking order was the same in almost every individual and remained constant during the 3 weeks. In comparison with the visual scoring system, the TEWL measurements were more sensitive in the detection of early changes in the skin.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Between October 1986 and June 1987 we patch tested 420 patients with Kathon CG at 100 ppm and obtained 23 positive reactions (5.5%). The other 5 Swiss university clinics joined our study between January and June 1987 and obtained sensitization rates ranging from 0.7 to 7.5%. The total mean value including Geneva was 3.6%. We did threshold patch testing in 12 patients with the following Kathon CG dilutions: 100, 50, 25, 15 and 7 ppm. We observed progressively diminishing skin reactions, especially below 25 ppm, but we still obtained slight positive reactions in 2 patients with Kathon CG at 7 ppm. Those reactions were relevant because the dermatitis disappeared when the: use of Kathon‐containing creams was discontinue

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Among 1670 consecutively patch tested patients an intradermal test with chromium, cobalt and nickel was added in 66 cases. There were three indications for intradermal testing: 1) the patch test reaction at 72 h was difficult to interpret; among 49 patients with one or more doubtful reactions a metal allergy was confirmed in 24 and rejected in 54. 2) ten patients with a negative patch test in spite of a positive history of metal allergy; among these, one was positive to cobalt, two to nickel and the other seven negative. 3) seven patients checked for a previously diagnosed allergy; a metal allergy was confirmed in four. Intradermal testing is recommended for confirmation of doubtful patch test reactions, particularly to disclose false positive reactions to metals.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The case of a 40‐year‐old woman with severe edema of the face and neck after the injection of a local dental anesthetic is presented. The reaction is attributed to the presence of sodium metabisulfite, and antjoxidant, in the local anesthetic. Both the anesthetic and the sodium metabisulfite gave a delayed positive patch‐test res

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

403 consecutive patients were examined on days 2, 4, 7, and 9 following application of patch tests. Late positive reactions, i.e., those which manifested after day 4, were seen in 29 patients (7.2%). The allergens which most commonly produced late positive reactions were neomycin (7), potassium dichromate (4), and cobalt (3). Paired patch test readings on days 4 and 7 were more reliable than those on days 2 and 4. If only 1 patch test reading were performed, a single reading on day 4 would have been most useful. The reading on day 9 proved to be of limited value. Of 11 patients who were retested after an interval of more than 6 months, 7 showed earlier eliciting reactions, which may have been due to active sensitization.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The sensitizing capacity of 15 commercial colophony products was studied experimentally in guinea pigs. The study included 8 French and 6 American colophony derivatives as well as French tall oil colophony. The results indicate that tall oil colophony is the strongest sensitizing material within the tested group and that the maleic‐modified products and the zinc‐calcium‐resinate are moderate sensitizers. Most of the modified products show a higher sensitizing capacity than the genuine resin acids themselves. Cross‐reactions between the resin acids and the derivatives are uncommon. Therefore, patch testing with high concentrations of colophony (e.g., 60%) will not help to detect patients with colophony‐derivativ

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY