摘要:

Mometasone furoate is a new corticosteroid, synthesized to have an improved ratio of anti‐inflammatory potential to adverse effects. The guinea pig maximization test was used to determine the sensitizing capacity of mometasone furoate, and also to investigate cross‐reaction patterns in animals sensitized to tixocortol pivalate and budesonide, respectively. Tixocortol pivalate was shown to be a sensitizer in the guinea pig, but cross‐reactions to other tested corticosteroids wore not observed. Furthermore, no sensitizing capacity could be demonstrated for budesonide or mometasone fu

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cinnamic aldehyde is an important fragrance material and contact allergen. The present study was performed to provide quantitative data on the eliciting capacity of cinnamic aldehyde, to be considered in assessment of clinical relevance and health hazard. The skin response to serial dilution patch tests and 6–week graded use tests with 0.02, 0.1 and O.8% cinnamic aldehyde in ethanol was studied in a group of cinnamic‐aldehyde‐sensitive eczema patients. The minimum effect level demonstrated 0.2% cinnamic aldehyde on patch testing and 0.1% cinnamic aldehyde on use testing, which are allowed usage concentrations in different kind of cosmetics. 72% (13/18) developed eczema in the use test performed with an alcoholic solution of cinnamic aldehyde on healthy upper arm skin, 6 of the 13 use‐test‐positive subjects (46%) reacted later than day 7, indicating that the standard exposure period of 7 days in use testing may not be sufficient, if low concentrations or volatile substances are used. A significant correlation between patch test sensitivity and the outcome of use testing was found (p<0.001), which should be considered in designing future use test studies and advising patients. Detailed exposure information is needed to evaluate more fully the consequences of cinnamic aldehyde s

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Reactive dyes are used especially for colouring natural fibres (cotton, silk and wool) that arc widely used in Western countries, particularly Italy, in the production of clothes. The aim of our study was to investigate sensitization to the most commonly used reactive textile dyes in patients undergoing patch tests, and to assess the clinical relevance of contact sensitization of these dyes. 1813 consecutive patients underwent patch tests with the GIRDCA standard series and an additional textile series of 12 reactive dyes. 18 of these patients were sensitized to reactive dyes (0.99) (4 only to reactive dyes). The dyes most frequently responsible for positive patch tests were Red Cibacron CR and Violet Remazol 5R (respectively, 8 and 5 positivities). In 5 cases only was a history of intolerance to particular garments given; of 4 patch tests performed with pieces of garment, 2 were positive. In 1 occupationally‐exposed patient, airborne contact dermatitis was suspected. Owing to the lack of up‐to‐date patch test series, some cases of allergic contact dermatitis from textile dyes are probably misdiagnosed: new colouring agents are continuously introduced to the market, so that a close relationship with textile industry is necessary to improve our diagnostic

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As part of the investigation of sources of exposure of rosin allergens, disposable diapers (napkins) common on the Swedish market were analyzed, using gas chromatography, to detect the main rosin compounds. Rosin components were detected in all diapers, the highest amounts in those from the 2 major producers. In these diapers, more rosin was found in the top layer, which is in close contact with the skin, than in the fluff. Despite the possibly minimal risk of induction of sensitization to rosin allergens in diapers, there is a real risk of elicitation of dermatitis in sensitive individuals, especially since penetration is enhanced by occlusion and irritation. Such material is not only used for infant diapers, but also for adult incontinence products and feminine hygiene products.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The chamber scarification test is a predictive human skin irritation test developed to rank the irritation potential of products and ingredients meant for repealed use on normal and diseased skin. 12 products or ingredients can he tested simultaneously on the forearm skin of each volunteer. The test combines with the procedure scratching of the skin at each test site and subsequent closed patch tests with the products, repeated daily for 3 days. The test is performed on groups of human volunteers: a skin irritant substance or products is included in each lest as a positive control, and a compound with low irritant potential as a negative control, to obtain relative characterization of the irritant potential of the unknown products. The outcome of tests with a positive and negative control product used repeatedly in 13 chamber scarification tests over a 7–year period is reported, and shows high reproducibility of the test. Further intra‐individual variation in skin reaction to the 2 control products in 26 volunteers, who participated 2x, is shown, which supports the conclusion that the chamber scarification lest is a useful short‐term human skin irritation test with high reproducib

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To estimate the occurrence of skin symptoms and the prevalence of contact allergy occupational allergens, 84 mule woodwork teachers were interviewed, clinically examined and patch tested, The tests included a supplemented European standard series and acetone extracts of wood dust of pine spruce, juniper and birch. In addition. 10 colophony‐allergic Volunteer were tested with dilution series of wood dust extracts. Major colophony compounds in the dust extracts were analyzed with gas chromatography. We round a high 1‐year period prevalence of generally mild hand eczema: 19%. Contact allergy was diagnosed to several allergens in the working environment, e.g., benzisothiazolin‐3‐one. Nickel, formaldehyde and colophony. A clear relationship between patch test reactions to colophony and to coniferous woods, especially pine, was found. Exposure to wood dust at work caused dermatitis in a colophony‐sensitiz

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

791 patients, among them 59 dental technicians and 732 other patients, were tested with the denture material series (DMS) recommended by the German Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) in the hospitals of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) between January 1990 and July 1993. Most frequently, positive reactions occurred to cadmium chloride in both groups. However, there was no evidence at all for relevance of these reactions. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) ranked 2nd in patch test positively. Although not statistically significant. Reaction were more frequent in denial technicians, who might be exposed to BPO the in working environment. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) were common sensitizers in dental technicians but not in other patients. This finding, too, has its explanation in the working process of manufacturing dental prostheses.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experimental study was conducted in guinea pigs for the predictive assessment of the beryllium alloy hazard in occupational exposure of the skin to beryllium compounds. Guinea pigs were sensitized to beryllium sulfate according to the maximized Magnusson and Kligman test, and challenged with beryllium alloys and metallic copper, beryllium and aluminum samples. Results showed a delayed skin hypersensitivity reaction in 30 to 60% of pre‐sensitized guinea pigs challenged with copper‐beryllium alloys and aluminum‐beryllium alloy. An inflammatory follicular reaction was induced by copper in both controls and pre‐sensitized guin

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There has been increasing interest in characterizing the sensitizing moiety of thimerosal [TIM]. following the finding that patients with photosensitivity to piroxicam arc allergic to the thiosalicylic acid [TIO]moiety of TIM. For this purpose, the authors have conducted 2 studies in TIM‐sensitive patients. In the 1st. of 175 patients tested with TIO and ammoniated mercuric chloride [HGAM|, 45.7% reacted only to TIM, whereas 45. 7%. reacted also to TIO and 17.7%. also to HGAM: 9.1% reacted to both TIO and HGAM. In the 2nd. of 47 patients tested with TIO and ethylmercuric chloride [F.THG], 87.2% reacted to ETHG. 44.7% to TIO and 31.9% reacted to both. None of the patients reacted only to TIM. The authors conclude that thimerosal allergy is due either to the mercuric moiety or to thiosalicylic acid, with no cases of sensitivity only to the whole molecule of TIM. TIM‐sensitive patients are mainly allergic to the mercuric moiety. but among them there are a large number of TIO‐sensitive patients, and these should be advised to avoid piro

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Current regulations require that the skin irritation/corrosion potential of new chemicals is assessed in the rabbit Draize test, although there are opportunities to use alternative methods to identify the most aggressive materials. Previously, we have proposed that it is possible la employ a strategy that avoids the use of animals and at the same time delivers a more relevant assessment of skin irritation‐corrosion potential. The approach is to identify corrosive materials in vitro and then proceed to human volunteer testing for skin irritation. In this study, the human 4‐h patch test, its interpretation, and results with 29 test materials are presented. Using 14 materials not classified as “Irritating to skin” by EU criteria. 13 classified as “Irritating to skin” by suppliers, and 2 as “Corrosive – causes burns”, it is demonstrated that, by evaluating these on human skin in vitro and in vivo, a significant proportion are either over‐classified or under‐classified. In conclusion, we are convinced that by application of the approach described in detail here, it is possible to avoid the use of animals, whilst at the name time obtaining an assessment of skin irritation/corrosion potential that is more relevant to man and which, if required, may he used directly for classification and labelling of substances and preparations with

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY