摘要:

One inconvenience of the routine patch test technique is the 2‐day patch wear. Adjusting the routine patch lest technique to a shorter allergen exposure would he more comfortable for the patient. Studies define this feasibility: the available data do not permit a definite answer as to the suitability of l‐day application. An idealized protocol suitable for resolving this issue is prese

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rosin has a complex chemical composition. The aim of this study was to investigate if it is possible to define 1 or 2 compounds as the rosin allergens. 2 compounds, 13, 14(β)‐epoxyabietic acid and 7‐oxodehydroabietic acid, identified in gum rosin and tall oil rosin, were used as screening substances for patch testing in addition to the standard series. The rosin patch detected more cases of contact allergy than the isolated allergens did. Our suggestion is to patch test with a preparation of gum rosin, as well‐defined as possible, for screening. The content of oxidation products should be kept at a constant and rather high level, since these are the main allergens. A rosin series for additional testing of patients with allergic contact dermatitis suspected to be caused by rosin could he a valuable tool. Gum rosin and tall oil rosin from different countries should be included, since the amounts of allergens in rosin varies due to source and mode of production. Testing with identified allergens from modified rosin products and with modified rosins could also be per

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since irritants are the major cause of contact dermatitis, it is important to identify those chemicals that possess significant ability to cause skin irritation. This process must then be followed by risk assessment and risk management. Historically, animal tests have played a major rôle in this process, but human volunteer studies are of increasing importance in the field. Where the appropriate safely and ethical controls are in place, human testing can give data that identities skin irritation hazard. To be of widest value, these human studies must not he flawed due to inter‐individual, inter‐ethnic or seasonal variation. We conducted a large dose‐response study and studied the impact of summer and winter weather on a predictive human assay. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) was tested at 0.1%‐20% in 3 national groups of approximately 100 volunteers, using 25 mm Hill Top chambers loaded with 0.2 ml solution and applied to the tipper outer arm for 4 h. Reactions were scored at 24. 48 and/or 72 h after patch application. The German and Chinese studies were completed in a few weeks under. similar winter conditions, whereas the UK work was spread fairly evenly over about a 15‐month period Some relatively minor differences were observed in the dose‐response curves obtained, probably due to weather conditions. The effect of me weather on the intensity, but not the put tern, of irritant reactivity was also evident in the smaller specific study that assessed reactions to SDS in summer and in winter. Whereas 45% of the panel reacted to 20% SDS in summer, 9l% reacted in the winter. However, in both studies, substantial inter‐individual variations in response to SDS dominated the pattern of response. When designing a human patch test to discriminate skin irritant substances from those that are of minimal effect, it is this inter‐individual variability, rather than any small inter‐ethnic or seasonal variation, which must be taken into account. This can be achieved by the routine inclusion of a suitable positive irritant control, which then calibrates each hum

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied 39 patients with erythema‐dyschromicum‐perstans‐like dermatitis seen at Changuinola Hospital in Panama. They were compared with 41 controls. The 2 groups were native field workers of the banana plantations exposed to many pesticides. In 34 patients, there was a positive patch test reaction to 2,4,5,6‐l, 3‐tetrachloroisophlhalonilnitrile (chlorothalonil. TCPN) 0.001% in acetone. In 39 cases, biopsies showed a lichenoid tissue reaction compatible with a chronic pigmented dermatitis or erythema‐dyschromicum‐perstans‐like dermatitis, Chlorothalonil is possibly the cause of the pigmented dermatitis observed in the 39 banana farm workers studied. Until additional studies are carried out. We consider this a possible rather than definite cause‐and‐

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Frequent exposure to water is an important risk factor for the development of irritant hand eczema. Evaluation of cream efficacy in protecting against water is difficult. A new non‐irritant, non‐invasive method is introduced, based on evaluation of colour intensities when an aqueous solution of crystal violet is applied to the skin, after pretreatment with different creams. By skin reflectance measurement, differences in colour intensity were objectified. Measurements of transepidermal water loss were also performed. 2 barrier creams and a moisturizer were tested on the dorsal and volar aspects of the handy One barrier cream contained silicone the other solid particles. The moisturizer had a high content of lipid. In one experiment, the immediate effect of the cream in protecting against water was evaluated. In a second experiment, the water resistancy of the creams was tested, using a standard water immersion procedure (4X20 min). The barrier cream with particles gave the best immediate protection (dorsal 76% volar 69%). The moisturizer was intermediately protective (dorsal 57% volar 34%) while very link protection was found for the silicone‐containing cream (dorsal 16% volar 10%). The water immersion procedure resulted in only minor changes in protection for each cream. When comparing transepidermal water loss in the treated areas with pretreatment values, a reduction was recorded only for the particle‐containing barrier cream. The colour method described may be used as a quick and easy test of the protective effect of creams agains

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

175 subjects (157 female. 18 male) were patch tested with a standard series of allergens (Epipharm Allergy Service, GmbH, Linz, Austria), during pre‐employment Examinations in the pharmaceutical industry, considered an industry at risk for the development of contact sensitization. None of those examined had contact dermatitis prior to testing and none gave a positive history of hand ecczema. Patch testing was positive in 12 (7%) subjects, of whom 7 showed a positive reaction to only 1 contact allergen and 5 reacted to several contact allergens. 5 subjects (2.9% reacted positively to metal salts (nickel, cobalt, chromium), 5 (2.9%) had a positive skin reaction to mixtures of rubber additives, and the remaining 2 to other allergen

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02362.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data on occupational contact urticaria (protein contact dermatitis included) in Finland during 1990–1994 were analyzed. Altogether 815 cases were reported to the Finnish Register Occupational Diseases during this period, compared with l944 cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis. Accordingly, the total number Of Occupational allergic contact derma loses was 2759. 29.5% being contact urticaria and 70.5% being allergic contact dermatitis. Occupational contact urticaria was much more common in women 70%) than in men (30%). The 6 most common causes of contact urticaria were (1) cow dander (362 cases=44.4%) (2) natural rubber latex (193 cases ‐23.7%), (3) Hour, grains and Iced (92 cases=113%), (4) handling of foodstuffs (25 cases=3.1 %), (5) industrial enzymes 14 cases = 1.7%) and (b) decorative plants l3 cases=1.6%), The occupations with the highest numbers occupational contact urticaria were farmers (341 cases), domestic animal attendants (61). bakers (140.5). nurses (42) chefs (40) and denial assistants (28) The ranking list of the most common occupations with occupational contact urticaria per 100,000 employed workers was as follows: (I) bakers (140.5 cases per 10(1,000 employed persons), (2) prepares of processed food. (3) dental assistants. (4) veterinary surgeons. (5) domestic animal attendants. (i) fanners and silviculturalists (7) chefs, cooks and cold buffet managers. (S) dairy workers. (9) horticultural supervisors. (10) laboratory technicians and radiographers, (II) physicians. (12) butchers and sausage makers. (1.1) laboratory assistants, (14) dentists and (15) nurses(121.2 cases per 100.000 employed person). Low‐molecular‐weight chemicals caused very few cases of occupational contact urticaria, the most common being 2‐ethyhexyl very late (5 cases)‐ To Summarize occupational contact urticaria forms a large group of occupational contact dermatoses. and dermatologists need to he able to diagnose IgE‐mediated immediate skin alle

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02363.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Patch testing may help to assess the culpability of a drug in an adverse reaction. Our aim was to study patch testing in severe cutaneous ad verse drug reactions [ADRs] (Stevens‐Johnson syndromeitoxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). acute genera exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and other cutaneous ADRs). 59 patients with cutaneous ADRs were included: 22 had SJS/TEN. 14 AGEP, and 23 other cutaneous ADRs. Patients were patch tested with the suspect drug and with H standard series of drugs. 2 patients among the 22SJSTENcases had a relevant positive test. 7 patients among the 14 AGEP cases had a relevant positive test. 6 patients among the 23 other cutaneous ADRs had a relevant positive test. Our results suggest that patch testing has a weak sensitivity in SJS'TEN and is not appropriate in these diseases. Patch testing seems more adapted to other cutaneous ADRs, such as AC it: P. in which the proportion of positive patch tests was significantly higher (P<0.02). Nevertheless, the difference of sensitivity of patch testing in SJS TEN, AGEP or other cutaneous ADRs could be linked not only to the clinical type of eruption, but also lo the different spectrum of culprit drugs in each type of eruptio

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02364.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Non‐immune immediate contact reactions (NIICR) arising from skin contact with a wide range of chemicals have been well described. There is evidence that many, if not all, individuals are susceptible to this effect: it may be just a matter of applying a higher dose to the most resistant types of skin. In this work, we chose to evaluate susceptibility to development of NIRCR in a large unselected population. Skin tests were made with 1 known unlearns (benzoic acid, trans‐cinnamic acid and methyl nicotinate). each al 2 concentrations. In a group of 200 volunteers, it was demonstrated that all 3 chemicals induced NIICR in the majority of people. Approximately 10%. of the volunteers appeared particularly sensitive, reacting fairly strongly to 2/3 urticants. In contrast, another subset, also about 10% failed to respond significantly to any of the chemicals at any dose. However, strong reactivity to one urticant was not predictive of the reaction to the other urticants. In a number of cases, individuals reacting strongly to one urticani reacted very little it' at all to the other unlearns. Also, the type of response, erythema or oedema, was specific to an individual. There was no significant correlation with age or sex on the degree of NIKR. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that there is a wide interindividual variation in the response to chemical urticants. which cannot be predicted on the basis of age or sex. The prospect of identifying y panel of individuals generally sensitive to non‐immune immediate contact reactions seems l

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02365.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An investigation was conducted as follows in 9 farmers with contact allergy due to rubber boots: (i) patch tests with 19 rubber additives: (ii) chemical analysis of additives in 6 pairs of rubber bouts: (iii) use tests on a hypoallergenic trial product in 5 patients. The following results were obtained: (i) in the patch tests, all 9 patients showed positive reactions to 1 or more of the nitrogen(N)‐containing antioxidants (IPPD. DMRPPD. ETMDQ): (ii) ETMDQ was detected in 1 pair rubber boots, and IPPD and DMBPPD in another pair: (iii) no patient using hypoallergenic boots during rice‐planting had recurrent dermatitis. N‐containing antioxidants. such as IPPD. DMBPPD and ETMDQ, were thus considered as the main causative agents and the trial product was found useful for managing contact dermatitis. Contact allergy due to ETMDQ in rubber is reported here for the 1st

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY