摘要:

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a multifactorial disease, the onset and modulation of which depend on both endogenous and exogenous factors. Among the former, age, race, site, sex and history of dermatitis may all be important. Such variables can now readily be quantified by objective noninvasive techniques, such as measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Moreover, effects of irritants on the epidermis are related to the particular chemical properties of each molecule, contributing further to clinical heterogeneity. Release of cytokines and mediators may be initiated by a number of cells, including living keratinocytes and those of the stratum corneum, thus modulating inflammation and repair. Furthermore, differences in mechanisms of inflammation between acute and chronic ICD may exist, the former being characterized predominantly by inflammation, the latter by hyperproliferation and transient hyperkeratosis. These findings may explain the complexity and difficulty of investigating ICD. Better understanding and quantification of these mechanisms may lead to identification of high‐risk individuals and more effective prevention and treatmen

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb02019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The case is reported of a 28‐year‐old man who developed allergic contact dermatitis from 2 synthetic fragrance ingredients, Lyral (3‐ and 4‐(4‐hydroxy‐4‐methylpentyl)‐3‐cyclohexene‐1‐aldehyde) and acetyl cedrene, in separate underarm deodorant preparations. The implications of the patient's negative patch test reactions to the European standard series (Trolab) and cosmetics and fragrance series (both Chemotechnique Diagnostics) are discussed. The importance is stressed of patch testing with the patient's own preparations when cosmetic dermatitis is suspected, and of identifying and reporting offending fragrance ingredients, with a view possibly to updating the European standard series and commercially available cosmetics

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb02020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Among men, the most frequent contact allergens are perfumes (fragrance mix and balsam of Peru). Considering that the main cause of nickel allergy is ear‐piercing, shaving with a razor blade might be the cause of perfume contact allergy, by creating small wounds that increase the penetration of applied perfume substances derived from soaps, shaving foams and after‐shave lotions. 19 males with contact allergy to fragrance mix and/or to balsam of Peru were interviewed about their shaving habits by letter. 17 responded (89%), of whom 12 (71%) had been using razor blades continuously for a period of at least 1 year. At our clinic, the frequency of razor blade usage was found to be 45% in patch tested men without perfume contact allergy. When comparing the frequencies of razor blade usage among patch tested men with and without perfume contact allergy, there was a statistically significant over‐representation (p= 0.047) among those with perfume allergy. The risk of perfume allergy when using razor blades was found to be 2.9 (odds r

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb02021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The results on thimerosal (Merthiolate) hypersensitivity of a retrospective study, together with the relevant data on thimerosal hypersensitivity referred to in the literature up to 1993, are presented. Positive patch test reactions to thimerosal (0.1% pet.) were observed in 32 (1.3%) of 2461 adult patients with suspected contact allergy examined in the period 1987–1992. 20 (0.8%) patients had a solitary positive patch test to thimerosal. The observed incidence is low. Clinical symptoms related to thimerosal hypersensitivity were observed in only 3 patients. The collected results are discussed with emphasis on the clinical implications of sensitization to thimerosal. It appears that a positive patch test to thimerosal is frequently clinically irrelevan

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb02022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by nickel is increasing. The probable cause is the increased use of nickel‐containing metals in intimate contact with the skin. The critical factor is the amount of nickel released from these metals (bioavailable nickel) onto the skin. In the present study, we determined, with flame atomic absorbtion spectrometry, the amount of nickel released into synthetic sweat from metal samples. The results of this method were compared with the results of the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test, which is considered to be a reliable means of identifying whether nickel‐containing metals may cause allergy symptoms in sensitive individuals. Out of 10 samples studied, only small amounts (<0.5 μg/cm2/week) were released from 2 samples, and the DMG test was negative. From 5 samples, more than 0.5 μjg/cm2/week was released, and the DMG test was positive. For 3 samples, however, the DMG test was negative, though the flame atomic absorption spectrometry test showed considerable release of nickel. Therefore, although the DMG test can be used as a first line test for determining nickel release, some DMG‐negative metal materials probably induce nickel sensitization, and should by no means be advertised as safe in this respect. We also report a nickel‐allergic patient who developed ACD from stainless steel, indicating that some types of stainless steel release enough nickel to elicit allergic

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb02023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have studied, immunohistochemically, hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids and compared them with allergic contact dermatitis from nickel and appropriate controls. We could find no qualitative differences between nickel and corticosteroid contact reactions, providing further evidence that hypersensitivity to corticosteroids is an immunologically mediated reaction.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb02024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 424 schoolchildren (223 boys and 201 girls) aged 7–12 years undergoing routine patch tests, 21.0% (89 children), 38.8% (78/201) of girls and 4.9% (11/223) of boys, had had their ears pierced. 18.6% (79 children, 55 girls and 24 boys) gave a history of cutaneous reactions to metallic jewellery, and in 17.2% (73 children, 49 girls and 24 boys), sensitivity to one or more metals was confirmed. Metal allergy was confirmed by patch testing in only 34.2% of the children with a history of metal dermatitis, and 13.3% of those without a history of metal reactions had, in fact, positive patch tests to 1 or more metals. The low sensitivity (37.0%) and low positive predictive value (34.2%), together with high specificity (85.2%) and high negative predictive value (86.7%), seem to justify dermatological examination of individuals with a positive symptom‐based diagnosis only. Nickel sensitivity was found in 14.9% (63 children, 44 girls and 19 boys). There is clearly a relationship between ear piercing and induction of nickel allergy in girls, as nickel sensitivity in girls with pierced ears was 2 × (30.8%) that found in those without (16.3%) pierced ears. In boys, nickel sensitivity was much less frequent and few cases were related to ear piercing. Atopy appeared to influence the propensity for developing metal sensitivity in girls, as atopic girls showed positive metal tests 2xas frequently (30.8%) as non‐atopic (17.0%). No such differences were found in boys. Girls with a combination of atopy and ear piercing showed the highest frequency of positive metal tests (45.5%). The frequency of metal allergy increased with increasing number of holes in the ear lobes. Symptoms of nickel allergy were reported in 30.2% (19/63) of mothers whose children had nickel allergy, compared to 16.3% (59/361) of mothers whose children had negative nickel tests. Only 4 children reported symptoms of nickel allergy in their father. The high frequency of nickel sensitivity in all children tested may indicate an influence of sources other than ear pi

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb02025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

IgE‐mediated contact urticaria syndrome (CUS) is one of the manifestations of allergy in childhood atopic dermatitis (AD). Allergens such as foods and animal products penetrate the skin easily. They can then cause urticarial reactions in sensitized individuals. A provocation test system for foods, called the skin application food test (SAFT), has been developed. Over more than 5 years, a group of 175 patients with AD was built‐up and investigated in a prospective follow‐up study with SAFT. SAFT was more frequently positive in AD children aged 6–2 years than in older children. In several children of this population (Group 1), we repeated SAFT within a period of 1 year. In another unrelated group of children (Group 2–1), we compared the results of ‘original’ SAFT and SAFT using square chambers (Van der Bend) or Silver patches. In the 3rd group (Group 2–2) we compared‘original' SAFT with SAFT using big Finn Chambers. The agreement between the tests was high: in Group 1, we observed 88 to 93% concordant scores, and in Group 2, the scores were 96% to 100%. Statistically, theKcoefficient ranged from 0.71–0.87 in Group 1, and from 0.83–1.00 in Group 2. SAFT is therefore highly reproducible. Agreement was at least 88% between the scores (the lowestKvalue observ

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb02026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb02027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb02028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY