摘要:

The development of quantitative correlations between the physicochemical properties of compound and its ability to act as a skin sensitizer is complicated by the number of variables associated with the current sensitization lest data, combined with the absence of truly objective end point. Recently, however, a novel approach to die assessment of skin sensitization potential, the local lymph node assay (LLNA). has been described, which determines the skin sensitization by measuring lymphocyte proliferation in lymph nodes draining the site of chemical exposure. The assay offers several advan‐tages over traditional methods in the context of quantitative structure‐activity relationship studies. In the present work, H range of bromoalkanes has been employed which demonstrate the robustness and reproducibility of the LLNA. Sensitizing activity increased with chain length up to a maximum at C15/C116.whereafter the response declined. The data were modelled against hydrophobicity. expressed as Clog P and (ClogP)2to fit the biphasic nature of the results. The results dermonstrate the utility of LLNA data for interpretation in the context Off quantitative: structure‐activity relationships, the limited number of variables, inter‐test reproducibility and quantitative end point, lending themselves to mathematical interpre

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was performed to evaluate eyelid dermatitis in a group of patients of our Allergy Unit between January 1990 and April 1991, Among the 1158 patients seen during this period. 150 had eyelid dermatitis: 135 females: and 15 males, with a mean age of 35 years. Of the 150 patients with eyelid dermatitis, 54 had eczema localized to the eyelids only, 49 to the eyelids and face, 19 to the eyelids and hands, and 28 to the eyelids and other sites. 98 patients (65,3%) were diagnosed as having allergic Contact dermatitis, 25 (16.6%) irritant contact dermatitis, 21 (14%) atopic dermatitis, and 6 (4%) seborrhoeic dermatitis. Patch lest Ructions to nickel sulphate. Kathon CG and fragrance‐mix occurred more frequently in patients with eyelid dermatitis then in those withou

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several workers in small electrotechnical company in Norway experienced irritant reactions of the skin ‐after a few days of working with the solvent N‐methyl2‐pyrrolidone (NMP). Due to concern about the health risk of commonly‐used organic solvents, the company had chosen to use NMP when one of its products had to be treated with a solvent. After 2 days of work with NMP, 10 of the 12 involved workers displayed acute irritant contact dermatitis of the hands. According to published reports. NMP is not considered to be particularly irritant to the skin. The Safety Data Sheet of a Norwegian sales firm contained no information on cutaneous hazards, but the Safety Data Sheet of an American producer of NMP stated the risk of severe dermatitis upon prolonged contact. NMP seems to more irritant to the human skin than reported t

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present trial was designed to evaluate clinical scores (single observer) of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)‐induced skin irritation in a group of subjects (n =10) over a 10‐day period along with various skin function parameters. In order to avoid significant variations due to secondary phenomena, the following parameters were recorded with non‐invasive instruments in this order: skin capacitance (Cl; arbitrary units; CM420 Corneometer), transepidermal water loss (TEWL:, g/m2. H: Evaporimeter) and laser Doppler fowmetry (CBFV: cutaneous blood flow values; Periflux. All examinations were performed during water on reclined relaxed subjects present for at least 10 min in a test, room with controlled temperature und relative humidity (to: 19.5–20.70C and RH: 47.3 60.3%). The analysis of differential data (∂=value at tx‐value before test; 2‐way ANOVA) was made on single parameters as a function of site (volar forearm versus neck) and time (from 24 h after 48‐h occlusion with 5% SLS up to 10 days later). The profile of erythema scores over time differed between neck and forearm, but the ∂CBFV readings with the laser Doppler instrument did not detect significant site‐time interactions. Roughness (blind evaluation with palpating finger) and capacitance readings (∂CI) showed significant differences between sites, but the profile over time was similar in both locations. ∂TEWL did not differ according to anatomical location. The reason (or different erythema scores on neck and forearm might be related to inherent regional variation of optical properties of the skin or to a substantial contribution of SLS‐induced roughness to the readings of erythema. Indeed, such a discrepancy has already been reported with 10% SLS, and a significant dose effect was observed between 5 and 10% SLS. indicating that these observations were not due to a saturation of the skin vascular response quantified as CBFV. Hence, the influence of optical phenomena on clinical scorings might be wo

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Patch testing with various metal salts was performed in patients with oral mucosal lesions associated with amalgam restorations, by using polypropylene‐coated aluminium discs Positive reactions to mercuric chloride were obtained in 5/12 (42%) of these patients, but only in 1/11 patients (9%) with oral mucosal lesions unassociated with amalgam restorations and in 3/36 patients (8%)in control group without mucosal lesions. The difference between the former group and the control patients is statistically significant (p<0.05) In addition, a positive test reaction to copper sulfate was obtained in 2 patients (16%) with amalgam‐associated mucosal lesions and negative reactions to mercuric chloride. 2 of the 5 positive test reactions to mercuric chloride, in the patients with lichenoid mucosal lesions associated with amalgam, became lichenoid and persisted for at lease 3 weeks. The patients with these reactions were also positive at a concentration of 0.05% mercuric chloride, but were‐negative to metallic mercury, in contrast lo 2 other patients in the same group. This indicates the necessity of including mercuric chloride when patch testing such pat

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In addition to asthma, contact dermatitis may also develop from occupational contact with polyurethane (PU) chemicals. 6 cases of allergic contact dermatitis from exposure to PU chemicals were diagnosed in 1974–990. The present paper summarizes the results and gives detailed descriptions of J such patients. 3 patients were allergic to 5 different diisocyanates (DICs), including 4,4‐di‐phenylmclhane DIC (MDI). toluene DIC (TDI), l.6‐hexamethylene DIC (HDI). and furthemiore to diaminodiphenylmenthane (MDA). 3 patients were sensitized by exposure to MDI. 2 of these reacted to MDI and MDA, and 1 to TDI in addition. 1 of the 3 patients reacted only in MDA, possibly formed by hydrolysis of MDI. Primary sensitization to MDA and cross‐allergy to MDI could explain the reactions of the patients exposed to MDI, but separate sensitization may also be possible. Patch tests with fresh petrolatum (pet.) mixtures were first made and a 2% concentration was recommended for MDI and TDI. In order lo determine the stability of DIC test substances, the lust 2 patients were tested with old lest substances. Tests with MDI 1.5% pet, and TDI 1.5% pet, 5.5 months and 15.5 months old, were positive. The results suggest that, when allergy to PU chemicals is suspected, patch tests should include, in addition lo MDA, at least MDI and TDI 1.5 2% pet. They also suggest that lest substances can he used for over a year, mid that allergy to MDA may paint to MDI exposure contained in PU

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 63year‐old woman developed allergic contact dermatitis from rubber boots, Initial investigation, by patch testing in the patient and chemical analysis of the causative rubber boots, revealed that mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and dibenzothiazyl disulfids (MBTS) were the causative chemicals Subsequent investigations were performed by patch testing in animal groups. An extract of the causative rubber boots. MBT and MBTS were used for sensitization of guinea pigs by the guinea pia maximization test(GPMT). 3 animal groups. A (with the boot extract). B(with MBT)and (with MBTS) were Successfully prepared, The boot extract was fractionated by column chromatography and thin‐layer chromatography (TLC). Each Fraction was subjected to patch testing in the animal groups. Positive reactions in all groups would show that the active Tractions contained MBT‐type compounds. whereas a positive reaction in group A hut negative ones in group B and C would show that the active fractions did not contain my MBT‐type compounds. Each fraction was then analyzed by gas chromatography (GC).GC mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), direct inlet‐MS (DI‐MS) and high‐performance liquid chromatopgraphy (HPLC). By this investigation, we found not only Known allergens (MBT. MBTS). but also unknown allergens. S‐substituted MBT‐type compounds and Styrenated phenol (SP). Thus, SP was Shown to be a candidate as a human sensitizer even though the patient

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For 20 years, using the replica method, we have evaluated the Stun irritancy of about 10.0UO commercial products which come into contact with the skin. In this method, test substances are usually applied on the flexor side of the upper arm for 24 h by semi‐open patch test. Subsequently, skin replicas are taken and skin irritancy is evaluated microscopically. In the semi‐open patch test, test substances are not completely occluded as in the closed patch test. Thus, this method is less invasive than the closed patch test method to the tested subjects, In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of microscopic scoring (MS) of the replica and visual scoring (VS) of the skin. Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) at 0.02%, 0.05% and 0.2% was applied on 20 subjects' upper arms., using closed and semi‐open methods. In both the closed patch test and the semi‐open patch test, the value of MS correlated with the concentration of SLS, while VS did not show such a clear correlation. In addition, we compared 2 clinical tests for skin irritancy which are commonly performed in Japan: VS of 48 h closed patch test reaction on the subjects' upper bucks and MS of 24 h semi‐open patch test reaction on the subjects' upper arms (replica method). MS on the upper arms resulted in a constant score, regardless of the location of application, while VS on the upper back produced results which differed widely depending on the location. Thus, the replica method is B useful clinical test for skin irritancy. because it is sensitive, reproducible and non

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

834 consecutive patients (630 female), aged between 26 and 46 years, who wort suspected of having allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested with the GIRDCA standard series during 1989–1990. The most frequent sensitizers observed included nickel sulphate, cobalt. Kathon® CG, perfumes, potassium dichromate and balsam of Peru. We have evaluated the influence of individual factors such its sex, age and occupation on the patch test remits, and the coexistence of 2 or more unrelated but statistically significant sensitiviti

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY