摘要:

Sensitization rates are influenced by sex and age. Crude rates from different departments cannot be compared without taking into account these variables. However, the influence of sex and age has never been considered quantitatively. In 2 hypothetical populations with identical age–specific sensitizations rates, but differing age distributions, the Influence of age on the overall sensitization rate (crude rate) is demonstrated. Furthermore, by an abstract reflection on rates, the influence of the proportions of a population category* (e.g. age) on crude rates is shown (crude rate=I (category–specific rate x proportion of population in category)). To account for differing distributions of sex and age, we propose 2 ways. Sex–specific rules should he presented separately. Age–specific rates should be standardized. The standard rate is defined as: SR=L (category specific ratexproportion of standard population in category I. losing a standard population with a rectangular structure (i.e. with equal proportions in each of the category (age) specific groups), the standardized rate is the arithmetic average of the category (age) specific rates. Only for simple routine evaluations can a standard population with 2 equal groups be used, namely over 39 years and under 40 years. The standardized rate can easily he calculated as SR: (positive rate (%under 40+positive rate(%)over 39)/2. The general rule should be to use a “rectangular” standard population with 9 age groups of a 10–year sequence. By using the standardization procedure, remaining differences found in different departments can no longer be attributed to age and sex. Other factors, such as selection of patients or real epidemiological differences, can then be discussed. The application of population–adjusted frequency of sensitization (PAFS) in any publication on prevalences of sensitization is hig

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have studied the influence of variations in allergen concentration and UVA dosaging on the results of photopatch testing with the Scandinavian standard photopatch series in 29 patients with photocontact and/or contact allergy to 1 or several of the allergens in that series. Photocontact test reactions were more sensitive to allergen dilution than plain contact test reactions. Even dilution from the standard 5% to 2.5% or 1.25% significantly reduced para‐aminobenzoic acid photocontact test reactions. Reducing the UVA dose from the standard 5 J/cm2to 2.5 or 1 J/cm2in 2 out of 5 cases turned a significant (++) reaction into a doubtful one (+). Increasing the standard UVA dose of 5 J/cm2to 20 – 40 J/cm2turned a single + photocontact reaction to trichlorcarbanilide and a single 1 + plain contact reaction to chlorhexidine into ++ reactions. In the majority of eases, however, neither photocontact nor plain contact test reactions were augmented by UVA doses up to 80 J/cm2. We conclude that a UVA dose of 5 J/cm2is sufficient for eliciting photocontact allergic test reactions, and that a reduction of either the UVA dose level or the standard allergen concentrations of the Scandinavian photopatch test guidelines may cause loss of significant photocontact test reactions in a proportion of the ca

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 43‐year‐old woman suffered from recurrent localized swellings and an eczematous dermatitis starting 1 day after an injection of lidocaine. Intradermal patch and lymphocyte transformation tests revealed sensitization to lidocaine and cross‐reactivity to the other aminoacylamide local anesthetics bupivacaine. mepivacaine and prilocaine, but not to articaine. Contact allergy to the ester local anesthetics benzocaine, procaine and tetracaine, the quinoline or aminoalkylamide cinchocaine, and the preservatives methylparaben and metabisulfite, was excluded. A subcutaneous challenge with articaine was well tole

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Of 22 workers in a ski factory, occupational allergic contact dermatitis was found in 8. 6 were sensitive to epoxy resin compounds, i.e. epoxy resins, hardeners or diluents. I to cobalt in glass‐fiber reinforcements, and I to formaldehyde in a urea–formaldehyde glue and a lacquer. 4 workers had irritant contact dermatitis from epoxy resin compounds, lacquers, sanding dust. or glass‐fiber dust. 3 had contact allergy from a new sensitizer, diethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether, in a reactive diluent. Immediate transfer of workers sensitized to epoxy resin from epoxy exposure prevents aggravation of their dermatitis and broadening of the sensitization to epoxy hardeners, diluents and other comp

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of different test models for sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)‐induced irritant contact dermatitis on epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) numbers was examined. Finn Chambers, 8 and 12 mm, containing 15 and 34 or 50 μl, respectively. of l% aq. solution of SLS were applied to human forearm skin for 48h as single or repeated application. The results showed a clear difference between the effects with the 2 chamber Sizes. The effect of the 8‐mm chambers could result in increased, unchanged or decreased LC numbers, while 12‐mm chambers always produced a decrease. These results seem to explain, at least partly, the discrepant results reported from various labora

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Readings were performed on day (D)2, D3 and D4 after application of patch tests in NN patients. 90 patch lest reactions in 49 patients were interpreted as allergic und of past or present relevance. A single D2 reading detected 58 of the allergic reactions, with 32 false‐negatives and 23 false‐positives. A single D3 reading detected 77 allergic reactions, with 13 false‐negatives and 17 False‐positives. A single D4 reading detected 85 allergic reactions, with 5 false‐negatives und 4 false‐positives. Therefore, if only a single reading is feasible, it is better performed on D4

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We report a 5‐year‐old child with previous skin intolerance from Mercurochrome (merbromin). who developed a severe allergic contact dermatitis of both feet when wearing new polyvinyl chloride (PVC) boots. Within a few days, he developed a mercury exanthem involving both legs, groins and lateral parts of the trunk. Patch tests showed strong reactions to organic and inorganic mercury compounds, in particular to mercury chloride (mercuric chloride: HgCl2), 0.01% pet., which was identified by atomic absorption spectrometry and polarography in the boots worn. New hidden sources of mercury in consumer goods may represent a potential source of danger for the future, if its use is not more strictly regula

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An estimate of amounts of thiurams that may be released from rubber gloves into synthetic sweat, has previously been generated. These amounts should be compared to elicitation thresholds Of patch tests performed with serial dilutions of thiuram mix using synthetic sweat as vehicle. Because of solubility properties of thiurams in aqueous media, such dilutions cannot directly be prepared. In this study, a stem solution was prepared in ethanol. This solution was then further diluted with synthetic sweat. Thiuram mix 0.5 w/v% was the most concentrated solution in ethanol achievable. The parch test reactions were compared to reactions to serial dilutions using petrolatum as vehicle. The experiment revealed that endpoint dilution with synthetic sweat was not achieved in this study. The threshold for elicitation of positive patch test reactions seemed to be lower for ethanol/sweat a, vehicle compared to petrolatum: 32% reacted to ethanol/synthetic sweat 0.001 mg/cm2compared to 14% reading to thiuram in pet. 0.0Q2 mg/cm2. Based on these results, synthetic sweat may be considered a more relevant medium for threshold finding studies than petrolatum. Because of expected instability of the aqueous solutions, petrolatum is probably a more suitable vehicle for routine testing. The study does not permit final conclusions concerning acceptable thresholds for reachable thiurams in rubber gloves, but it is likely that an acceptable threshold would be substantially less than 0001 mg/cm2.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The clinical implications of sensitization to the fragrance material isoeugenol were studied in 19 subjects. Patch testing with serial dilutions of isoeugenol and a repeated open application test (ROAT) were performed The minimum effect level under patch test conditions was below 0.01% isoeugenol in 4/19 (20%) of the test subjects. The ROAT was performed with a test solution of 0.2% isoeugenol in ethanol. which is the recommended maximum concentration used in perfumes, ethanol being applied as vehicle control. 4 weeks was the maximum exposure period. The upper arm was used as test site the 1st 14 days and the upper arm as well as the neck for the next 14 days, 12/19 (63%) of test subjects had a positive ROAT. 4 of the responders (33%) reacted beyond day 7, but none alter day 14. Use testing on the neck for 14 days did not add any further ROAT‐positive cases, compared with testing on the upper arm. The sensitivity found on patch testing may be a guidance for the outcome of use tests with the same compound. In this study, all subjects with a positive use test to isoeugenol (0.2%) in ethanol also demonstrated on patch testing a minimum effect level of 0.2% or lower. Data from serial dilution patch and use IC‐N may contribute significant information to assessment of the relationship between patch test responses and clinical contact hypersensitivity, and thus the safety of allergens used in cosmet

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Among 1619 patients suspected of occupational contacT dermatitis examined during the years 1990 1994, sensitivity to acrylates was diagnosed in 9 persons 14 dental technicians. 4 dentists. 1 textile printer). Ethyleoeglycol dimethacrylate (5 positive patch tests), methyl methacrylate (4). 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (4) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (4) were the most common sensitizers, Comparison of patch test results in dental technicians and dentists indicated that dentists were sensitive to a greater number of (meth)acrylate (aerylate and methacrylate) allergens and also to certain other allergens (metals and rubber additives). Dental technicians were sensitive almost exclusively to methaerylates, while the textile printer only to acrylate

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY