摘要:

Products intended for individuals with sensitive skin are being increasingly developed by formulators of household cleaning products. However, there is currently no consensus about the definition and recognition of the biological basis of sensitive skin. We sought to determine the relation between the nature of environmental threat perceived as aggressive by panelists, and the stratum corneum reactivity lo household cleaning products as measured by the corneosurfametry lest. Results indicate substantial differences in irritancy potential between proprietary products. Corneosurfametry data show significant differences in stratum corneum reactivity between, on file one hand, individuals with cither non‐sensitive skin or skin sensitize to climate‐fabrics, and, on the other hand, individuals with detergent‐sensitive skin. It is concluded that sensitive skin is not one single condition. Sound information in rating detergent sensitive skin may be gained by corneosurfa

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors report 4 cases of eczematous‐1ike drug eruption after oral ingestion of pristinamycin (3 cases) and virginiamycin (1 case). The lesions occurred after contact sensitization with topical virginiamycin. The clinical symptoms appeared a few hours after ingestion: a generalized maculopapular eruption, sometimes with general symptoms of anaphylactic reaction. Eczema appeared again on initial areas of contact dermatitis. There is a common allergenic group between these 2 antibiotics, which is a macrocyclic lactone. Physiopathology of this drug eruption is not clear: allergic reaction of the delayed type or anaphylactic reaction. Patients allergic to virginianmycin should be strongly cautioned against oral pristinamyci

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A fair % of patients with a clinical history of nickel allergy show negative patch test results. To improve the response rate to NiSO45% pet, patch tests, a testing procedure utilizing pre‐treatment of I he lest area by a 24‐h application of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was introduced 46 women with a clinical history of nickel sensitivity who exhibited negative reactions to nickel sulfate 5% pet, patch tests. were studied, Patients underwent d patch tests on adjacent sites on the volar surface of the forcarms. 4 patch tests were performed with a 72‐h application of 40 mg nickel sulfate 5% pet. While I of these patch tests served as control. 3 test areas underwent 24‐h pretreatment with 40 μl SLS. 1 with 0.1% and 2 with 0.5% solution. To evaluate differences in the reactivity to SLS plus nickel sulfate related to the site on the forearm, 0.5% SLS pre‐treatment was performed both on a proximal and on a distal lest site. At the 72‐h evaluation. 19 subjects out of 46 showed positive reaction to nickel sulfate 5%. At skin sites pre‐t railed with SLS. Whereas 23 patients reacted positively at 0.5% SLS pre‐treated ureas. Echographic values of skin thickness and of hypo‐echogeme dermal areas al positive pre‐treated nickel lest. Next higher than al control Jest areas, confirming the clinical evidence of an increased response to NiSO4after SLS pre‐treatment. The inflammatory reaction, is evaluated clinically and echographically, was much higher al distal skin areas (0.l% SLS and distal (0.5%.) SLS than at

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Colophony is commonly used in many products that we are exposed to both at work and during leisure. At our Department, about 5% of patch tested dermatitis patients show positive reactions of colophony. 83 patients in whom contact allergy to colophony had been diagnosed were followed up after 9–13 years. They were interviewed, examined and retested. At least 30% had current hand eczema on follow‐up examination. Among those in whom the dermatitis had started on the hands. I here were proportionally more individuals with current hand eczema than among those in whom the onset had been on other parts of the body, 72% of the participants were still patch‐test‐positive to colophony, and more than 1/2 had additional positive reactions to other allergens. Some of these additional reactions were new compared to the previous test occasion. The degree of exposure to colophony throughout the years was difficult to estimate. Contact allergy to colophony was considered occupational in individuals with, e.g., solderi

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02137.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We previously showed the median duration of positive patch test reactions to nickel sulfate(5% pet) was 9 days, and defined as long‐lasting (LLAPTR) the 14.3% of reactions that persisted for 17 Days or longer. The pathomechanisms of LLAPTR are unclear, but may involve either localized antigen persistence or abnormal down regulation of the cellular immune response. In this study, we compared (a) the nickel concentration and (b) the immunocytochemical nature of the local immune reaction, between biopsies from LLAPTR (n= 8) and normally resolving allergic patch lest reactions (NRAPTR) (n= 8) to nickel sulfate. The concentration of nickel in LLAPTR (median 0.8μg/g, μg/g, range 0.25–3.87 μg/g, mean 0.83μg/g, 95% CI 0 35–1.31) and NRAPTR (median 0.58 μg/g, range 0.2 1.85 μg/g, mean 0.88 μg/g, 95% CI 0.02 1.74) was similar. Activated T lymphocytes, expressing surface IL‐2 receptor, HLA DR, DR alpha 1, DP, DQ, and CD2>CD8>CD4 antigens, were seen throughout the dermis and occasionally infiltrating the suprabasal layer of the epidermis in all biopsies. CDI and HLA DR, DR alpha 1, DP, and DQ‐expressing Langerhans cells were present throughout the epidermis and occasionally seen in the papillary dermis. HLA DR, DR alpha 1, DP, and DQ antigen expression were also seen on the surface of non‐dendritic cells in the epidermis (probably either keratinocytes or T lymphocytes) and vascular endothelial cells in the papillary dermis. There were no significant qualitative or quantitative differences in the immuno‐cytochemical nature of the localized immune reaction between LLAPTR and NRAPTR. These findings suggest that the pathomechanism of LLAPTR to nickel sulfate is unlikely to be explained simply on the basis of nickel concentration or the nature of the localized immune reaction at

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of the present study was to assess exposure to constituents of the fragrance mix from cosmetic products used by fragrance‐mix‐positive eczema patients. 23 products, which had either given a positive patch and/or use test in a total of 11 fragrance‐mix‐positive patients, were analyzed. In all cases, the use of these cosmetics completely or partly explained present or past episodes of eczema. Between 1 to 6 constituents of the fragrance mix were found in 22 out of 21 products. The cosmetics of all the patients sensitive to hydroxycitronellal, eugenol, cinnamic alcohol and α‐ amylcinnamic aldehyde were found to contain the respective substances. Exposure concentrations were seen in cover a large range. The content of hydroxycitronellal was, on average, 5×higher in cosmetics from hydroxycitronellal‐sensitive patients, compared to cosmetics from hydroxycitronellal‐negative patients. It is concluded that exposure to constituents of the fragrance mix is common in fragrance‐allergic patients with cosmetic eczema, and that the fragrance mix is a good relied inn o

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

While conducting a guinea pig sensitization protocol, using the maximization test, it was discovered, at challenge, that the test animals were more responsive to the vehicle (acetone) than they were to the proprietary lest material. During rechallenge, conducted to clarify the specific immune status of the test animals, it was determined that they were also hyperreactive to an alternate vehicle (diethyl phthalate), to which they were naïve. This bizarre set of data is presented and it is suggested that this type of response is the prototype for the presence of false‐positive responses experienced by loxicologists using this test. The test conditions imposed on the immune system by the maximization test that could result in these anomalous results are discussed. These data suggest that investigators need cautiously to interpret data that are produced by the injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FC

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A major obstacle to the establishment of a protocol for in vivo irritant skin testing in humans is the apparent variability of responses between individuals. This study of the threshold response of normal human skin to a standard irritant (sodium lauryl sulfate 0.3–10%), in a group of 22 subjects, revealed a marked interindividual variation in their threshold reaction. The results demonstrate that this phenomenon does exist and that it will have to be allowed for in future human irritant test systems or assay

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From 15 May to 15 December 1994, 2943 patients sunspected of having contact dermatitis(1955 women, 988 men) were patch tested with methyldibromoglutarorutrile 0.3%, 0.1% and 0.05% pet. 119 patients (4.0%: women 4.1%, men 3.8%) proved to be allergic, 71% of the reactions were considered to be relevant. In 2/3 of the patients, causative products were cosmetics, in 1/3 moistened toilet tissues. Testing with methyldibromoghitaronitrile at lower concentrations (0.05% and 0.1%) commercial allergens (Euxyl® K 400 and methyldibromoglutaronitrile, both containing methyldibromoglutaronitrile 0.1%). resulted in a number of falsc‐negative reactions. All preservatives in the European standard series had lower scores than the 4% positive reactions to methyldibromoglutaronitrile (formaldehyde 2.0% MCI/MI (Kathon® CG) 3.2% parabens 1.0% quaternium‐15 1.3%). It is concluded that methyldibromoglutaronitrile (present in the commercial preservative Euxyl® K 400) is an important contact allergen in the Netherlands in cosmetics and moistened toilet tissues. It should be added to cosmetics series and to proctological series. The optimal test concentration is unknown, but may be 0.3% pet. The concentration of 0.1% methyldibromoglutaronitrile in the currenttly available commercial allergens appears to be too low. resulting in a number of false‐negative r

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study presents a profile of patients with chronic recalcitrant eczematous disease referred by dermatologists for contact allergy evaluation. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and irritant responses were carefully defined, as was the presence or absence of atopy obtained by history. Of 410 patients studied, 44% had no history of atopic disease and 46% were classed as definitely atopic. Among relevant ACD patch lest reactors (n= 198). 51.5% had atopy, compared with 40.9% with no atopy but this difference was not significant. Likewise, among atopics (n= 189). 54% had definite, relevant ACD patch test responses while 33.9% had negative ACD (again not significant). Significance was seen in the higher mean number of positive allergic patch tests in the atopic group (2.7 versus 2.0.p=0.0223). Irritant patch tests were highest among patients with both ACD and atopy (p= U.0308) and the proportion of irritant responses correlated with increasing numbers of positive ACD tests. We conclude that atopics are at least as likely to have ACD as are non‐u topics. Irritancy is increased in these patients with chronic dermatitis and the frequency of irritant reactions correlates with both greater numbers of ACD responses and with presence of atop

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY