摘要:

Irritant contact dermatitis causes significant disability to numerous consumers and individuals in industry. Knowledge of the prevalence of this disease remains inadequate. Irritant contact dermatitis occurs in workers engaged in occupations where the subjects are exposed to different types and doses of irritants. The intensity of the reaction depends on the quality and the quantity of exposure. Irritant thresholds and dose responses depend on many different factors. This article reviews the clinical and physiological parameters that affect the age and sex related differences in irritant contact dermatitis.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hand dermatitis in hairdressers is caused by a variety of factors. Important are the sensitizing and irritant capacities of some hair‐cosmetic ingredients, unsafe packaging which causes contamination of the hands, work tables and instruments with hazardous chemicals, absence of protection with adequate gloves and ignorance of safe handling of these chemicals. A strategy is proposed, based on improvement of the safety of ingredients and packaging, use of vinyl gloves and introduction of safe hairdressing procedures. Introduction of this strategy in hairdressing salons with 16 cases of moderate to severe contact dermatitis reduced the number of cases of active dermatitis to 3 in 4 months. The value of pre‐employment screening is discussed and the necessity of cooperation of centers of occupational dermatology is emphasi

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We evaluated the effect of subclinical irritation on the cutaneous reaction elicited by cumulative short‐term (30‐min) application of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and assigning visual scores. 11 healthy adult volunteers, free of skin disease and with no history of atopic dermatitis, were treated with SLS solution (1%, 2%, 5%, 7.5%). On a Monday, we applied 80 μl of 1% SLS solution and deionized water (control), using large aluminum chambers with filter paper discs, for 30 min. We measured TEWL values 2x before and after patch application of control and 1% SLS solution, and then applied 80 μl of SLS solution (2%. 5%. 7.5%) using filter paper discs. From Tuesday to Friday, we applied 80 μl of each solution, using filter paper discs, and measured TEWL before and after open application of test solutions. Compared with each corresponding group, TEWL values of SLS patch groups (S‐2.0, S‐5.0, S‐7.5) were higher than, those of water patch groups (W‐2.0, W‐5.0, W‐7.5), respectively. TEWL values of each groups increased stepwise and the final (hour 97) TEWL values were higher than those of baseline (hour 0) TEWL. The mean visual scores of the vehicle control were lower than those of other test groups, but there were no statistically significant differences in visual scores between each test group. These findings suggested that impaired skin barrier function, elicited by subclinical irritation from short‐duration contact with some irritants, might augment the cumulative irritant contact dermatitis caused by repeated open exposure to other surfactants. Relatively short‐term and minimal exposure, not in great excess of many daily surfactant exposures, produced cumulative irritation. TEWL measurements were more discriminati

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From February 1989 to January 1990, the Swiss Contact Dermatitis Research Group conducted a 1‐year study to examine the frequency of sensitization to a series of 13 common preservatives. A group of 2295 consecutive outpatients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis (age range 7–90 years, with a mean age of 42; 911 males, 1384 females) was tested. The %s of positive reactions to the preservatives studied are as follows, in descending order: formaldehyde 5.7%, benzalkonium chloride 5.5%, Kathon CG 5.5%, thimerosal 4.2%, chlorhexidine digluconate 2.0%, DMDM hydantoin 1.7%. paraben mix 1.7%, chloroacetamide 1.5%, Bronopol 1.2%, imidazolidinyl urea 1.0%, quaternium 15 1.0%, triclosan 0.8%, 2,4‐dichlorobenzyl alcohol 0.4%. These relatively high values suggest a heavy exposure of the Swiss population to topical preservatives. Compared to previous studies, the sensitization rate to Kathon CG has stabilized in Switzerland over the last 2 years. Sensitization to formaldehyde portrayed impressive geographical variation, with sensitization rates up to 9% in western and only 3% in eastern Switzerland. The low sensitization rate to parabens argues for their inclusion in a medicament or preservative series, rather than in the standard s

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Artesunate is derived from the Chinese medicinal herb qinghao. Many animal studies suggest that systemic artesunate has immunoregulatory activity. We investigated the effect of topical artesunate on contact sensitivity in guinea pigs sensitized with DNCB. Female hairless guinea pigs were used and the contact reaction graded by visual (5 point) score and erythema measured with a color analyzer. Topical artesunate inhibited the elicitation reaction of contact hypersensitivity when given at the 1st and 12th h after challenge (p0.05). The results indicate that topical application of artesunate may offer a novel treatment of allergic contact dermatitis and other cutaneous immune‐mediated disorder

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 36‐year‐old female patient was treated with PUVA for dyshidrotic eczema that had not shown sufficient response to topical therapy over the previous months. PUVA therapy caused acute aggravation of the eczema. Patch testing demonstrated Type IV sensitization to 8‐methoxypsoralen in Meladinine sol

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00599.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of softened fabrics on the skin were evaluated by a forearm wet and dry test, under conditions simulating real‐life skin contact with fabrics. 15 volunteers with sensitive skin according to dermatological assessment and their own recognition entered a double‐blind 12 day, 3 sessions per day, forearm wetting and drying test, using cotton fabrics washed with a powder detergent and softened or not with a liquid fabric conditioner. To simulate conditions of skin damage, a dilute solution of sodium lauryl sulfate was applied under patch to the forearm before the start of the study. Skin effects were evaluated by visual grading (redness, dryness and smoothness), by noninvasive skin stripping and measuring of Chroma C*(squamometry), and by instrumental measurements (capacitance, transepidermal water loss, and colorimetry). Both the unsoftened and softened fabrics induced no deleterious effects on control or previously irritated skin. Furthermore, a mild beneficial effect was observed with the softened fabrics, particularly on previously irritated skin. The study findings suggest that softened fabrics may exert a reduced frictional effect on the s

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00600.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

272 children up to the age of 14 years were patch tested during a 10‐year period (1982–1991). 101 children (37.1%) gave positive reactions to 1 or more allergens. Of these, 54.4% (57/101), were considered relevant. The main allergens were, in order of frequency: nickel, rubber compounds, mercuric chloride, cobalt salts, thimerosal, benzoyl peroxide and fragrance

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00601.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim was to mimic the repeated open application test (ROAT) procedure, well established in humans, in an animal model. Guinea pigs were induced with cobalt chloride (CoCl2). They were then challenged by repeated open application (4 sites/animal) of various concentrations of the allergen in 10% DMSO 1 × a day for 7 days, to study dose dependency, morphology of test reactions and time course. The reactivity at the test sites to repeated open application was dose‐and time‐dependent. There was good agreement between the results of the treatments with CoCl2and the post‐treatment patch test results. Among 26 of the 29 animals, such agreement was found when 10% DMSO was used as vehicle. However, some reactivity was also observed in pretests at sites exposed to petrolatum. We suspect that this may be due to contamination and/or irritancy of the v

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00602.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00603.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY