摘要:

To estimate the prevalence of hand eczema, a questionnaire was distributed to 901 male car mechanics. Of the 801 persons who responded, 15% reported hand eczema on some occasion in the previous 12 months, and 57% admitted dry skin on the hands. In a 2nd part of the study, those who reported hand eczema were examined and patch tested with a standard series and a special “car mechanics' series”. The most common diagnosis was irritant contact dermatitis, 55%, and 2nd was allergic contact dermatitis, 19%. 35/105 (33%) had a total of 51 positive patch test reactions, all to substances in the standard series, except for 2 persons who reacted to oxidizedd‐limonene. The most frequent reactions were to thimerosal (9%), nickel (8%) and colophony (5%). One plausible explanation for the high prevalence of nickel allergy was the common use of nickel‐plated tools. 5 individuals had a history of contact urticaria, but scratch tests were negative. It was concluded that car mechanics are at high risk for contact dermatitis on the hands, irritant as well as a

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nickel is a very common contact allergen, with some reports showing that more than 10% of women are affected. It is therefore important to be able to assess the risk of elicitation of nickel dermatitis in such individuals, particularly in relation to repeated exposure to low levels of this metal. It has been shown previously that under the conditions of a 48‐h occluded patch test, some subjects will react to as little as 0.5 ppm nickel on compromised skin. In the present study, the effect of repeated open nickel application combined with repeated treatment with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate has been evaluated on the hand skin of 4 nickel‐allergic subjects. Despite 2 of these being known to be particularly sensitive, there was no evidence of a nickel‐allergic reaction following 2 × daily immersion of hand skin sites in up to 1 ppm nickel over a period of 2

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Following interviews on glove‐related skin symptoms, 202 subjects, 56 hospital workers at an operating theatre and 146 workers at dental care centres, were skin prick tested with different latex extracts. Also, in 193 cases, blood samples were RAST‐analysed, using the CAP system. Sensitization to latex diagnosed by positive skin prick test and/or by demonstration of specific antibodies in serum analyses was found in 3.5% of the subjects investigated. 4 cases (2%) showed 1 or more positive skin tests, and 4 cases (2%) had positive RAST to latex antigens. Further work on the diagnostic tools is still needed, as are prognostic stud

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When gold sodium thiosulfate was added to the patch test standard series, positive reactions were obtained in 8.6% of 823 consecutive patients with suspect contact allergy. The test reactions were clinically of an allergic type and, in several cases, long‐lasting. There was no correlation with other allergens in the standard series. In a special study on 38 patients with contact allergy to gold sodium thiosulfate, the following principal findings were obtained: positive patch tests to the compound itself in dilute concentration; positive patch tests to potassium dicyanoaurate; negative patch tests to gold sodium thiomalate, sodium thiosulfate, and metallic gold; positive intradermal tests to gold sodium thiomalate. Our findings make gold sodium thiosulfate the 2nd most common contact allergen after nickel sulfate. It is suggested that a positive skin test to gold sodium thiosulfate represents gold allerg

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Digestive enzymes in faeces have been reported to posses skin irritation potential. The present study was designed to investigate the in vivo irritant potentials of faecal concentrations of proteolytic and lipolytic digestive enzymes in bile salt mixtures. In a 21‐day cumulative irritation assay, clinical evaluation and noninvasive bioengineering techniques were used. 5 days occlusive exposure to phosphate buffer (pH = 8) caused no visual skin damage but reflectance spectroscopy demonstrated significant vasodilation (p<0.01) and increases in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin pH were also observed (p<0.01). These increases were still present at days 12 and 19. Occlusive exposure to physiologic concentrations of faecal enzymes resulted in significant visual and objective scores at day 5, 12, and 19, with increased readings as a function of exposure time (p<0.01). The enzyme mixture containing lipase caused delayed onset of skin erythema and epidermal barrier disruption compared to elastase and chymotrypsin containing solutions. Prolonged occlusive exposure to digestive enzymes in faecal concentrations caused severe skin erythema and epidermal barrier disruption in a human model, suggesting a possible etiologic role of digestive enzymes in perianal, circumstomal or diaper dermatiti

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the past 4 years, a high incidence (118/362) of positive patch test reactions to E45 cream were noted in 2 patch testing clinics. 18/54 of those patch tested to all the ingredients demonstrated allergies to ingredients. The most frequent was triethanolamine; lanolin allergy occurring in only 1 patient. The remaining reactions may be explained as irritant reactions resulting from triethanolamine stearate (TES) formation within the cream. The irritancy of triethanolamine stearate was demonstrated in patients and controls. Conductivity studies showed that TES arises from the combination of the ingredients triethanolamine and stearic acid. The formulation of E45 cream was being changed at the time of writing, with the removal of triethanolamine from the product.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To assess the pattern of cross‐sensitivity between 4 members of the Compositae family, namelyParthenium hysterophorusL.,Xanthium strumariumL.,Helianthus annuusL. andChrysanthemum coronariumL., 63 patients clinically diagnosed to have airborne contact dermatitis, and 51 controls having well‐defined patterns of contact dermatitis caused by agents other than plants, were patch tested with measured amounts of standardized aqueous extracts of these plants. Positive reactions were obtained in 62 patients and 13 controls withParthenium hysterophorus, in 47 patients and 9 controls withXanthium strumarium, in 7 patients and 2 controls withHelianthus annuus.and in 13 of the 57 patients and one out of 28 controls tested withChrysanthemum coronarium.2 patients were allergic to all 4 of the plants; 14 patients to 3 plants, namelyParthenium. XanthiumandChrysanthemumin 9 cases andParthenium. XanthiumandHelianthusin 5 cases; 32 patients to 2 plants, namelyPartheniumandXanthiumin 30 cases, andPartheniumandChrysanthemum, andXanthiumandChrysanthemumin 1 case each; 15 patients were allergic to 1 plant only, that beingParthenium.All the 47 patients allergic toXanthium.13 patients allergic toChrysanthemumand 7 patients allergic toHelianthuswere positive with some other plant as well. There was 1 patient who was allergic toXanthiumandChrysanthemumbut not toParthenium.The titre of contact hypersensitivity (TCH) determined in the patients allergic toParthenium, XanthiumandHelianthusshowed values that varied widely with each plant in different patients, and there was no parallelism between the TCH with various plants. In 36 patients, the TCH was highest withPartheniumand in 3 patients withXanthium.In 7 patients the TCH was the same withPartheniumandXanthiumThe TCH withHelianthuswas lower than or equal to that with the other plants. Thus, it seems that most of the patients in this group were primarily sensitized toParthenium, while in a few casesXanthiumwas the primary sensitizer. Several of these cross‐reacted with other Compositae plants. One patient from Srinagar, whereChrysanthemumis more prevalent whilePartheniumhas not yet infiltrated, showed the severest patch test reaction toChrysanthemum, while the reactions toPartheniumandXanthiumwere milder. He was possibly sensitized primarily toChrysanthemumand cross‐reacted withPartheniumandX

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The keratinocyte culture model has previously been used as an in vitro method for testing skin irritating potential of common skin irritants. However, solubility limits its use for finished products. Shampoo is very soluble in water which should make it an ideal product category for the cell culture model. To determine the skin irritant potential of several commercial shampoos, we employed cultured human keratinocytes as an in vitro model. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide test (MTT) and lactic dehydrogenase release (LDH) test were used to document cell toxicity. 7 volunteers were patch tested and their reactions evaluated using laser Doppler flowmetry and compared with the in vitro data. MTT and LDH have a good negative correlation with each other. Patch test reaction, especially at high concentrations, correlates relatively well with the in vitro test, especially with shampoos of strong and weak irritancy. However, the rank order of the shampoos of moderate toxicity was not the same as in the in vitro data. This suggests that the cell culture technique cannot directly replace in vivo methods, and that data obtained by the cell culture method should be interprete

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00699.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY