摘要:

Allergic contact dermatitis, which is mediated by activated T cells through a Type IV reaction, is usually believed to persist throughout life. There have been several reports of spontaneous loss of sensitization, e.g., loss of previous patch test reaction or loss of allergic contact dermatitis withal continuous exposure to the allergens. However, these have not been well quantified. The aim of this study was to confirm the development of desensitization or hyposensitization with the aid of objective measurements. A total of 18 patients with alopecia areata, who had received 4 months diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) contact immunotherapy, were patch tested and the responses were measured by laser Doppler blood flowmetry (LDF) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Patch tests were performed 2X, before and after 4 months of immunotherapy. To determine whether local desensitization developed, we compared change of DPCP concentrations producing mild contact dermatitis on the scalp. Our results showed that systemic and local hyposensitization occurred in human subjects by weekly applications of low concentrations of DPCP for 4 months. LDF seems to be more correlated with visual scores than TEWL measurement.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previously, we have investigated the relationship between dissociation constant (pKa) and skin irritation potential. In the present experiment, 12 basic compounds, with varying pKa values ranging from 1.4 10 11.2, were applied on the hacks of 12 healthy adult panellists. Cutaneous reactions were measured objectively using reflectance speetrcscopy and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and evaluated subjectively with a modified Draize scale. A positive correlation between increasing pKa and skin irritation capacity, measured either visually or by reflectance spectroscopy, was found, but only mecamylamine (pKa= 11.2) induced a significant increase in transepidermal water loss. Compounds with low pKa also induced a paradoxical vasoconstriction measured by reflectance spectroscopy. Only high pKa appeared predictive of in vivo skin irritation, and these chemicals apparently induce skin irritation with only minimal disruption of the skin barrier. A simple 1‐variable model is predictive of skin irritation for this series of organic permeants with increasing PK

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The development of hand eczema was evaluated in an 8‐year follow‐up study carried out in 51 junior hairdressers. Predisposing factors were investigated, Data were collected by use of u sell‐administered questionnaire: 74% response. None of the junior hairdressers presented wild hand eczema at the start of the survey. After 8 years, however, 51% had developed hand eczema. No significant difference in prevalence of hand eczema was found between practicing and non‐practicing hairdressers (58% versus 33%). Development of hand eczema was not related 10 atopic constitution or nickel sensitivity. Dry skin type was associated with increased risk of developing hand

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since finding that all Subject with contact allergy to cocamidopropylbetaine give positive reactions to 3‐dimethylaminopropylamine (DMPA), we wished to verify whether sensitization to other industrially‐used tensioactives might also be due to contact of DMPA as an impurity. We also investigated the possible “carrier action” that tensioactives might exert on minimal quantities of DMPA. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between the structure of DMPA and other chemically‐correlated molecules and their sensitizing potential, with particular reference to the structure of alkylam‐idopropylbetaines. For this purpose, in 34 patients with contact allergy to DMPA, we tested: (i) DMPA in concentrations below the threshold limit in water and in different tensioactives: (ii) substances that employ DMPA as a reagent in their synthesis: (iii) substances similar to DMPA as regards chemically reactive groups. The study showed that: (i) DMPA remains as a quantitatively detectable impurity in all tensioactives employing it in their synthesis: (ii) some common anionic (SLES) and non‐ionic (polysorbate 20) tensioactives enhance the risk of sensitization from very low doses of DMPA, presumably due to a “carrier effect:” (iii) the sensitizing chemical structures in DMPA and related molecules are the primary amine and the tertiary (dimethyl‐substituted) amine groups, when separated by either 2 or 3 carbon atoms:(iv) no sensitizing action can be attributed to the functional groups present in alkylamidoprop

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We report a patient with contact stomatitis due to combined sensitization to palladium and platinum. Patch testing showed strong and persistent allergic patch test reactions to palladium chloride (1% pet.) ammonium tetrachloroplatinate (0.25% pet), and a palladium metal plate. A platinum metal plate showed a weaker reaction. Histological examination of a biopsy from the test site of palladium chloride (1% pet.) at D3 showed both eczematous and lichenoid changes.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gloves are indispensable in many occupations. Irritant skin reactions from gloves have, however, been reported. In the present study, the effect of long‐term glove occlusion on normal skin (6 h/day for 14 days) was studied and, in addition, the effect of a cotton glove worn under the occlusive glove was also studied. 2 studies were performed (studies A and B). Study A: 19 volunteers wore an occlusive glove on normal skin 6 h/day for 14 days. They wore the glove on one hand only, while the other hand served as control. Study B: 18 volunteers wore occlusive gloves on both hands on normal skin. A cotton glove was worn under the occlusive glove on either the left or the right hand. Skin barrier function was evaluated by measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) (Evaporimeter) skin hydration by electrical capacitance (Corneometer) and inflammation by erythema index (Derma‐Spectrometer). The gloves used were hypoallergenic non‐latex gloves.ResultsStudy A: glove occlusion on normal skin 6 h/day for 14 days had a significant negative effect on skin barrier function, as measured by TEWL. Study B: the negative effect on skin barrier function from occlusive gloves was prevented by the use of a cotton glove. It is concluded that gloves may be a substantial factor in the pathogenesis of cumulative irritant contact dermatitis, and that recommendations as to their use are impo

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The rôle of contact allergies in oral mucosal diseases was studied. The subjects were 24 patients out of 479 tested, who had oral mucosal symptoms and positive patch test reactions in a dental series during 1987–1994 at the Department of Dermatology. Helsinki University Hospital. The clinical diagnoses were oral lichen planus (LPO, 13 patients), leukoplakia (2), glossodynia, i.e., ‘burning mouth syndrome’ (4), stomatitis (3) and recurrent angioedema (2), Only 1 patient had symptoms in relation to dental care. All but 2 patients had allergic reactions to mercury (Hg) (12 patients), gold sodium thiosulfate (Au) (13 patients) or both. A clinical connection between oral symptoms and contact allergy was seen in 10 patients, 9 patients (7 LPO, 2 leukoplakia) had Hg allergy in these cases, the oral lesions disappeared after the amalgam fillings had been removed. 1 patient had recurrent stomatitis and perioral eczema after dental care and 2,2‐bis(4‐(2‐hydroxy 3‐methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl)propane (BIS‐GMA) allergy. Her symptoms were caused by drilling of acrylic fillings. In addition, a connection between localized stomatitis and contact allergy was considered probable in 2 cases. 1 patient had stomatitis from contact with an orthodontic device and nickel allergy. The other had stomatitis from contact with a dental gold crown and gold allergy. No clinical connection was found between gold allergy and the oral symptoms o

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Patients with allergic contact dermatitis due to dichromate arc repined to have a bad prognosis. Based on the Swiss Law on Accidents Insurance, the Swiss National Accidents Insurance Organization (SNAIO) may issue a declaration of medical inability (DMI) in cases of severe occupational dichromate dermatitis. With such u DMI, an employee is not allowed to perform any further work in contact with dichromate or cement. In this study, we reviewed medical records from 88 construction workers with DMI due to occupational dichromate dermatitis, between 1986 and 1989. Follow‐up was performed by standardized questionnaire, 63 patients (72%) healed in the first few years after DMI. These patients mostly changed industry and strictly avoided all contact with cement or chromium salts. A few retired early. The outcome of our study is favorable in comparison to studies from other countries without the DMI mechanism. We conclude that strict allergen avoidance enforced by authorities, and financial support in the case of job change, are important factors in improving the prognosis in occupational dichromate dermatiti

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dithranol (D) is used as a therapeutic topical agent to treat psoriasis, although it produces inflammation and staining of skin and clothing. D‐induced irritation has been evaluated by visual scoring and by bioengineering technique's, evidencing modifications of the inflammatory parameters, but no alterations of the skin barrier. The aim of our study was to evaluate the irritant reactions induced by D using ultrasound, and to compare the B‐scanning data with visual assessments and colorimetric measurements. 13 healthy women underwent 2, 3‐h patch tests with, respectively, 0.02% and 0.1% D in while petrolatum and 1 24‐h patch test with 2% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). For assessing skin reactions, clinical judgement, colorimetry and echography were employed. Echographic images were evaluated by skin thickness measurements and segmentation procedures, using an 0‐30 interval, marking the hyperreflecting areas in the dermis, and a 201–255 interval, assessing the hyperreflecting components of (he image (both epidermal and dermal). In all subjects. D produced uniform reactions, the intensity varying according to concentration. Both echographic parameters of inflammation (skin thickness and 0‐30 areas) showed an increase at all times of assessment. The 201–255D/0–30 pixel ratio, describing the distribution of dermal eczema, indicated that strong inflammatory reactions, such as those caused by the application of 0.1% D, are accompanied by edema in the lower portion of the dermis. Finally, in contrast to SLS reactions, where a 24‐h reduction in epidermal reflectivity was observable, D reactions appeared with an accentuation of the 201–255 epidermal hand

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Protective creams (PCs) play their part in the prevention of occupational contact dermatitis, even though efficacy data are frequently lacking. 4 different commercially‐available PCs were evaluated against a set of 4 standard irritants (10%, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 1% sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 30% lactic acid (LA) and undiluted toluene (TOL) in the repetitive irritation test (RIT) in humans described by Frosch and Kurte. 20 subjects were tested on the paravertebral skin on the mid‐back. Irritation was assessed by visual scoring, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) as an indicator of epidermal barrier function, and colorimetry as a parameter of inflammation. Very different protective effects of the PCs on irritation by chemical substances were detectable. All products were very effective against SLS irritation. No PC provided significant protection against toluene. 3 products showed a partially protective effect against all ionic irritants, while the 4ih showed less protection against SLS and NaOH, and even amplification of inflammation by TOL. Considering the range of PC effects from good protection 10 increased irritation, depending on the irritant, the need for careful selection of PCs for specific workplaces is stres

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY