摘要:

Delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions ot subcutaneously (s.c) injected heparins are common. Since similar reactions usually occur to different heparin preparations, semisynthetic heparinoids might be a therapeutic alternative. We report a patient exhibiting eczematous reactions to heparins as well as heparinoids; delayed‐type hypersensitivity was demonstrated by intracutaneous (i.c.) and patch tests, as well as by s.c. provocation. Remarkably, intravenous (i.v.) administration of heparin as well as heparinoid was well‐tole

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02293.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Allergic contact dermatitis from drugs is a significant obstacle to the development of transdermal drug delivers systems. Protocols for the sensitization of mice to drugs are needed to test methods for the prevention of allergic contact dermatitis. CBA/J female mice were sensitized to the drugs albuterol, chlorpheniramine, clonidine and nadolol by topical application. Sensitization was achieved by application of drug at 5% (w/v) 10 shaven dorsal skin for 5 days in a hydroxyethylcellulose vehicle. Contact serialization was determined by measuring the car swelling response to application of l%. drug in vehicle. Control mice treated by application of vehicle alone did not exhibit an ear swelling response to drug. Supplementation of the mice with vitamin A boosted the ear swelling response, as did application of drug to dorsal versus abdominal skin. Although plasma amounts of retinol were higher in vitamin A supplemented versus control mice, the rate of drug (albuterol and nadolol) permeation was not significantly different between vitamin A supplemented and control mice. Permeability of dorsal skin for nadolol was twice that of ventral skin, which may explain the differences in sensitization at these sites. This sensitization protocol should be useful in the development of hypoallergenic transdermal drug delivery systems.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02294.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cement eczema used to be a common occupational disease in Denmark. Since 1981, ferrous sulfate has been added to all cement produced in Denmark to reduce the amount of soluble hexavalent chromate to below 2 mg/kg (2 ppm). The aim of the study was to analyse a material of consecutive chromate‐sensitive patients in an urban tertiary referral centre with respect to primary cause of sensitization, in a geographical area where the risk of chromate exposure from cement had been reduced. In the 6‐year period January 1989 to December 1994, a total of 4511 patients were patch tested with the European standard series, including chromate. 79 patients, 31 male and 48 female, were diagnosed as chromate sensitive. Relevant chromate exposure was established in 34 of these 79 patients. Leather was the most frequent source of chromate sensitization (19 out of 34) (47%). Chromate sensitization from cement was considered likely in 10 out of 34 subjects. Of these, 7 had been sensitized before 1981, 2 had been sensitized by non‐occupational exposure to cement, and only 1 had been sensitized from occupational cement exposure in the 6‐year

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02295.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), a surfactant frequently used in the induction of experimental irritant contact dermatitis in animals and in humans, characterstically induces a dose‐related increase in TEWL (transepidermal water loss). Ceramides are considered to be important in the regulation of the skin barrier. We therefore examined the relationship between initial ceramide content of stratum corneum and induced changes in skin color (erythema) and barrier function, after SLS application under occlusion (1% and 3% in water) to the forearm of 14 volunteers. Stratum corneum sheets were removed, stratum corneum lipids extracted, and ceramide composition determined from chromatograms (TLC) using densitometry. After determining baseline skin color and TEWL at each area. 2 samples of stratum corneum were obtained from each volunteer. Clinical and instrumental controls of the SLS‐induced irritation were performed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Erythema was evaluated by colorimetry; barrier impairment by changes in TEWL. We found inverse correlations between baseline ceramide 61 (weight) and the 24 h erythema score for SLS: between ceramide I and 24 h TEWL, and between ceramide 611 and 72 h TEWL for SLS 3%. Our findings suggest that low levels of these ceramides may determine a proclivity to SLS‐induced irritant contact derma

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An in vivo method was developed to measure the effectiveness of skin protective creams against 2 dye indicator solutions: methylene blue in water and oil red O in ethanol, representative of model hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, 3 representative barrier creams commercialized as effective against lipophilic, hydrophilic, or lipophilic and hydrophilic substances were assayed by measurements of the dye in cyanoacrylate strips of protected skin samples after various application limes. The flexural surfaces of the forearms of 6 normal volunteers (3 female and 3 male, mean age 26.8±4.1 years) were treated. The method was as follows: solutions of 5% methylene blue in water and 5% oil red O in ethanol were prepared, and applied to untreated skin and protective‐cream‐pretreated skin with the aid of aluminum occlusive chambers, for 0 h and 4 h, respectively. At the end of the application time, the creams were removed. Consecutive skin surface biopsies (SSB) from 1 to 4 strips were taken. The amount of stain in each strip was determined by colorimetry, and the cumulative amount of stain from 1 to 4 strips in each measurement was calculated. The cumulative amount represents the amount of permeation of each solution at each time point, and the efficacy of skin barrier cream. The results showed one formulation at both 0 h and 4 h reduced the amount of permeation of melhylene blue (p<0.0l) and oil red O (p<0.01) compared with the control group. Another formulation was protective against the permeation of oil red O (p<0.0l). but not against methylene blue at 0 h and 4 h; it was not significantly different at 0 h versus 4 h. The 3rd formulation produced increased cumulative amounts to oil red O at both 0 h and 4 h (p<0.05); it also increased permeation amounts to methylene blue (p<0.05) after 4 h. This model appears a facile, rapid and objective early screen to evaluate the efficacy of skin barrier creams in vivo, as well as their individual ingredi

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02297.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sensitization to rubber is must often due to sensitization to thiurams. Positive patch test reactions to carbamates are less frequent, and usually only diagnosed in patients with positive patch test reactions to thiurams as well. The aim of the present study was to describe the relative frequency of sensitization to thiuram mix (TH mix) and zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDC) in a population where the exposure to these chemicals from rubber gloves was previously studied and considered to be of approximately the same order of magnitude. The thiuram derivatives seemed to be the most important sensitizers (frequency 2.8%) compared to ZDC (frequency 0.5%) which has been the most frequently reported sensitizer among the carbamates in rubber gloves. An interesting observation was that the probability that the patient was reacting to ZDC was strongly associated with the strength of the patch test reaction to TH mix. This observation may add a new aspect to the discussion about cross‐reactivity versus concomitant sensitization of thiurams and carbamate

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02298.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY