摘要:

506 patients were suspected of being allergic to corticosteroid medicaments in our clinic during the 22 years from 1967 to 1988. Patch tests were performed in these patients. Scratch tests, intradermal tests, and challenge tests were also carried out in some cases, 69 patients showed positive reactions to corticosteroid products (as is). 18 were allergic to the corticosteroid itself and 44 were sensitive to vehicle components or other active ingredients. In 7 cases, the allergen could not be detected. Patients who were allergic to corticosteroids were tested for their cross‐sensitivity with our corticosteroid patch test series. Cross‐reactions tended to occur between members of the same corticosteroid type, and some of the combinations of different corticosteroid types cross‐reacted with other. Corticosteroid‐sensitive cases have increased in number during these 22 years. Corticosteroid sensitivity is not as rare as formerly

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The recommended concentration for patch testing with sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] (bleach) is 1% generally obtained by diluting commercial bleach. In doing so, other active (potentially irritant) components of bleach, especially hypochlorous acid [HOCl]and sodium hydroxide [NaOH], are neglected. Magnitudes of potential irritant species other than NaoCl, such as alkalinity, are ordinarily not labeled on the product, though they may vary considerably between brands. Thus, patch testing with 1% hypochlorite obtained by diluting different brand bleaches can potentially elicit non‐specific irritant responses, also depending upon the test volume applied. In this study, skin irritation induced by 24‐h patch testing with 20 μl 100 μl with constant NaOCl concentration (1%) and different NaOH concentrations (0.01–1.0%), was studied in adult human volunteers, by means of visual scores and skin color reflectance measurements. No irritation was elicited by application of 20 μl 1% OCl‐, independent of the NaOH concentration. However, all solutions induced significant irritation in a volume of 100 μl. Skin reactions did not show a straight pH dose response, a maximum reaction being seen to the solution containing 0.1% NaOH. Skin surface pH values had increased when monitored immediately after removal of the patch material. However, 24 h later, baseline values were again reached at most sites, demonstrating an efficient buffering capacity of human skin, even after challenge with alkaline solutions of pH 13.4. We suggest that a non‐irritant concentration for diagnostic patch testing for allergic contact dermatitis with an aluminum chamber, using 17 μl to 20 μl test volume, could be as high as 1% Na

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ability of nickel sulphate and potassium dichromate to induce contact sensitization in mice has been investigated. Topical exposure of mice to 0.5% potassium dichromate in dimethysulphoxide (DMSO) under occlusion resulted in specific contact sensitization in each of 7 experiments. Although sensitization to nickel sulphate under the same conditions was weak and somewhat variable, evidence for significant levels of contact allergy was obtained in 4 of 7 experiments. In addition, repeated topical application of both nickel sulphate and potassium dichromate in DMSO was found to result in the induction of lymphocyte proliferative responses in lymph nodes draining the site of exposure. These data indicate that epicutaneous exposure to both metal salts may cause specific contact in mice.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As part of the investigation of structure activity relationships in contact allergy, it has been shown that methyl transfer agents are capable of acting as skin sensitizers. This work has now been extended to a more general examination of alkyl transfer reactions. The modified single injection adjuvant test has been used to investigate the sensitization potential of C12, C16, and unsaturated C18alkyl transfer agents. Dose responses to challenge and the patterns of cross‐reactivity between these materials and methyl transfer agents have been studied. All alkyl transfer agents examined were potent sensitizers in the guinea pig. There was evidence of mutual cross‐reactivity between all alkyl transfer agents examined (including methyl transfer agents). Analysis of the data in terms of a modified relative alkylation index showed evidence of an overload effect. The sensitization data has been accurately modelled using a mathematical equation. These results emphasize the possibilities for relating physicochemical parameters and skin sensitization potential. Further studies with alkyl transfer agents art in progress of amplify the observations and conclusions presented in this report. No in vitro model is available for the prediction of skin sensitization potential. Therefore approach based on a model using physicochemical criteria is the most likely route to a reduced requirement for animal test

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the last 3 years, we have studied 10 patients with allergic reactions to topical ketoprofen. We have investigated the sensitization and irritant potential of the drug and the possibility of cross‐reactivity with other aryl‐propionic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (ibuproxam, ibuprofen, naproxen, fenoprofen, flubiprofen and tiaprofenic acid), 2 of our patients had contact dermatitis, and the other 8 photocontact dermatitis. One of our patients showed cross‐reactivity between ketoprofen and ibuproxam on patch testing. In the photopatch tests, we observed cross‐reactivity between ketoprofen and tiaprofenic acid in 2 patients, and cross‐reaction between ketoprofen and ibuproxam and flurbiprofen in another case. Experimental studies, including human maximization and photomaximization tests, performed in 20 healthy volunteers, showed a complete absence of sensitization. 3 volunteers showed a marked irritant reaction to ketoprofen (20% pet.) during either maximization (2 cases) or photomaximization (I case) tests. Although ketoprofen appears not to be a sensitizing agent in human volunteers, the fact that photosensitization to this drug seems to be quite common after topical use suggests that there are some local or individual factors, at present unknown, facilitating the developme

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A national database on chemical products (the Danish Product Register (PROBAS)) was searched for products containing butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). As of March 1990, 440 products containing BHT were registered. The content of BUT was below 50 ppm in 66% of these products. Paints/lacquers (1‐ and 2‐component) and hardeners for 2‐component paints, glues, fillers, etc. make up the main categories. No positive reactions were seen in 1336 consecutive eczema patients patch tested with BHT. From the widespread use of BHT, it was considered that BHT could be regarded as a safe antioxidant in the normally used concentrations. The possibilities, limitations, and demands of product registration as exposure estimates are disc

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Contact allergy to a wound dressing with an adhesive mass consisting of colophony, zinc oxide and rubber (Mezinc®) was studied in 179 patients with a history of eczema. 12 patients were found to be allergic to colophony, whereas only 4 of these patients also showed a positive patch test reaction to the wound dressing. 14 patients with verified moderate contact allergy to colophony were patch tested with adhesive mass (10%). Portuguese colophony (10%), zinc oxide (10%), purified resin acids (10%) and Portuguese colophony (10%), in combination with zinc oxide. Only 3 patients reacted to the adhesive mass, whereas all patients showed a positive patch test reaction to Portuguese colophony. A combination of zinc oxide (10%) with Portuguese colophony (10%) provoked a positive patch test reaction in only 5 of these 14 patients. An allergic reaction to abietic acid (90–95% purity) was found in 7 patients and to neoabietic acid (99 +%) in 3 patients, whereas no reactions to dehydroabietic (99 +%), isopimaric (99 +%) or levopimaric acids (98 +%) were fou

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

9 oxidation products of abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, and levopimaric acid were prepared synthetically to determine their sensitizing potential in guinea pigs. It was found that compounds with epoxy and peroxo groups in rings A and B had a notable sensitizing potential. The same result was found with 7‐oxode‐hydroabietic acid identified earlier in rosin (3) and a polar fraction obtained from commercial abietic acid, suggesting the presence of still unidentified oxidation products. Hydroxylation of rings A or B, or conversion to the methyl esters, considerably decreases the sensitizing potential. A model is presented underlining the importance of hydrophobic and polar domains addition to chemically reactive groupings, in the allergen. Insertion into the lipid bilayer may play an important rôle in contact sensiti

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method for detection of rosin (colophony) in technical produces has been developed. The technique, using HPLC, is based on the analysis of abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid, major components of rosin. In the procedure described in this paper, the limit of detection was 0.001% for abietic acid and 0.015% for dehydroabietic acid. An average recovery of 88.9% for abietic acid and 88.2% for dehydroabietic acid was obtained. The lowest detectable amount of abietic acid (0.001%) corresponds to a content of 0.003% unmodified rosin in the product, assuming that the resin acid content in rosin is 90%, of which 30–50% is abietic acid. This is an acceptable limit compared to the reactivity in patients with known allergy in rosin. Technical products for analysis were supplied by different Swedish manufacturers, who also gave the approximate content of rosin in the various products. The content of rosin determined in the products was in accordance with the contents, given by the manufacturer

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY