摘要:

Practicing cardiovascular nurses are aware that significant differences exist in the cardiac anatomy and physiology of children and adults. Generally, the younger the child the greater these differences are. The cellular anatomy and physiology are markedly different in the fetus, neonate, and infant. As development progresses, cardiac function begins to more closely approximate that of an adult. This article describes the anatomical and physiologic development of the fetus, neonate, infant, child, and adolescent. The developmental differences in preload, afterload, contractility, and heart rate are summarized.

ISSN:0889-4655    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cardiovascular nurses who work with the young are faced with the challenge of understanding the specifics of pharmacologic agents that enhance cardiac output. This article is a summary of the drugs commonly used to manipulate preload, afterload, and contractility in the young. Diuretics, vasodilators, and positive inotropes are discussed in the text. The specifics of pharmacokinetics, dosage, and special considerations are summarized in table form in the Appendix.

ISSN:0889-4655    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Prosthetic heart valve replacement in infants and children poses unique problems. This article provides an overview of the factors specific to children with regard to indications and timing of valve replacement, types of artificial valves, constraints, and ramifications of valve choice in children. Anticoagulation, pregnancy, and other issues related to long-term management are reviewed.

ISSN:0889-4655    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Heart transplantation in children has increased in the last 5 years because of the availability of cyclosporine and improved surgical techniques. The primary indications for transplantation in children are dilated cardiomyopathy and complex congenital heart disease. The major complications affecting morbidity and mortality are infection and rejection. However, the development of accelerated coronary artery disease represents a serious complication limiting long-term survival. Successful rehabilitation and long-term survival depend on careful selection of potential recipients, application of stringent medical and psychosocial criteria, operative technique, comprehensive medical surveillance, and thorough and effective patient and family education.

ISSN:0889-4655    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Care of children with permanent pacemakers requires sophisticated nursing knowledge and skills. The tremendous advances in pacemaker technology and complexity of modern pacing provide challenges for nurses caring for these children and their families. Knowledge of pacing physiology, components of the pacing system, indications for pacing, post-pacemaker implant care, troubleshooting of pacemaker problems, child and family teaching, and long-term follow-up is necessary for provision of safe, effective nursing care.

ISSN:0889-4655    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Adolescents with congenital heart disease need information regarding their cardiac condition and health care needs, including any life-style implications of the cardiac diagnosis. Pertinent topics to be addressed include preventive health care needs, physical activity (recreational and vocational considerations), pregnancy and contraception issues, and psychosocial stresses of adolescents. Sensitive counseling and health education by nurses can promote the physical health and psychosocial adaptation of adolescents with congenital heart disease.

ISSN:0889-4655    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pediatric resuscitation is most frequently required for respiratory arrest. Cardiac arrest is a rare and ominous event and usually develops as a complication of shock or respiratory failure. Once asystolic cardiac arrest occurs, the outcome of any resuscitation is dismal; if cardiopulmonary arrest persists longer than 15 minutes in the normothermic child, further efforts are unlikely to result in patient recovery. For this reason, attention must focus on prevention of arrest and prompt restoration of oxygenation and ventilation, heart rate, and systemic perfusion.

ISSN:0889-4655    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article discusses a recent study in which current total cholesterol values of 295 adults were compared to baseline (childhood) values obtained 16 years earlier when subjects participated in a school health screening and intervention program. Results demonstrated that adult total cholesterol values were significantly related to childhood values. Findings do not support limiting pediatric cholesterol testing to children with positive familial histories of either hyperlipidemia or early manifestations of coronary artery disease. Current recommendations regarding pediatric cholesterol testing may soon require reevaluation.

ISSN:0889-4655    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0889-4655    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0889-4655    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID