摘要:

Seedlings of five blueberry progenies were planted in a range of soils, with or without the addition of peat moss, in an outdoor pot study to examine the adaptability of blueberries to upland soil conditions. Blueberry progenies ranged from essentially pure highbush (Vaccinium corymbosumL.) to interspecific hybrids containing varying amounts of evergreen (V. darrowiCamp), lowbush (V. angustifoliumAiton), black highbush (V. atrococcumHeller), and rabbiteye (V. asheiReade) blueberry germplasm. Growth differences occurred due to soil types with Berryland sand producing the most growth although the effectiveness of peat moss diminshed with time. The three different complete fertilizer sources used had no significant effect on growth over the 3 years. Progenies displayed nutritional differences on the same scale as soils with a progeny containingV. corymbosum,V. darrowi V. atrococcum, andV. asheigrowing best over all soils. Manganese was the only element to show consistent soil and progeny differences for leaves, roots and fruit. Levels of Mn and Al were generally higher in leaves and fruit than in the roots.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168909364036

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

‘Bluecrop’ blueberry plants were exposed to 2×2×2 factorial treatments of high and low phosphate and micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, and B) and excess or stoichiometric concentrations of a chelator (EDDHA) added to Fe(NO3), in pH 6.8 solution cultures. The effects on growth, Fe chlorosis and overall nutrition were accessed. Phosphorous was applied at 20 (low) or 400 (high) μM levels, micronutrients at low or high levels and either a 1:1 or 10:1 ratio of chelator to Fe concentration. Plants grown in excess chelator and low micronutrient supply grew normally. Plants grown in all high micronutrient solutions were chlorotic after 34 days. Plants in low micronutrient and stochiometric chelator to Fe ratio solutions were also chlorotic.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168909364037

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

‘Tifblue’ (V.asheiReade) and US 280 (V. elliottiChapman) blueberry plants were exposed to 2×2×2 factorial treatments of high and low phosphate and micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, and B) and excess or stoichiometric concentrations of a chelator (EDDHA) added to Fe(NO3)3in pH 6.8 solution cultures. Phosphorous was applied at 20 (low) or 400 (high) μM levels, micronutrients at low or high levels and either a 1:1 or 10:1 ratio of chelator to Fe concentrations.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168909364038

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Oats and sweet corn but not cauliflower and broccoli growth was reduced by a complete‐minus‐Mn nutrient feed compared to a complete nutrient feed in a sand culture system in a greenhouse. Growth of oats and sweet corn were reduced to such an extent within 43 days of seeding that treatments on these two crops were terminated. Growth of cauliflower and broccoli were continued to 90 days and no effects were noted by withholding Mn in the nutrient feed. Chemical analyses of the dried plant material showed that cauliflower and broccoli Mn concentrations were considerably lower in the minus‐Mn compared to the complete nutrient treatment. Cauliflower and broccoli were apparently able to extract Mn from the sand culture system. Oats and corn apparently did not extract adequate Mn for proper growth from the minus‐Mn system. The lack of Mn in the nutrient treatment influenced the P, K, Mg, B and Cu concentrations in and/or uptake by cauliflower and broccoli but Ca, Fe and Zn were not affected.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168909364039

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The combined effects of NaCl and N nutrition (NO3‐and NH4++NO3‐) on nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in intact tomato (Lvcopersicum esculentum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings were studied. NRA decreased in leaves of both plant species as salinity increased. Within each salinity level, NRA increased with the external NO3‐concentration. An interference of C1‐on NO3‐uptake was observed. Based on these results, it appears that the NRA was affected directly by the presence of excessive NaCl in the root media at least in two ways, by either interfering with the uptake of NO3‐by roots, or by inhibiting the transport of NO3‐from vacuole to cytosol. The effects were accentuated by the presence of NH4+as N source.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168909364040

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The white grub (Ligyrus subtropicus(Blatchley)) is a major insect pest of Florida sugarcane (Saccharumspp.). The primary impact this insect has on the sugarcane plant is through larval feeding on plant roots and underground stems. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect ofL. subtropicuslarval feeding on N, P, K, Ca, and Mg nutrition of sugarcane. Third instarL. subtropicuslarvae were introduced to the soil at rates of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 larvae/plant. Leaf N, P, and K concentrations decreased linearly as the level of grub infestation increased. Leaf Ca and Mg concentrations were not affected by grub feeding.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168909364041

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Nitrogen metabolism and protein synthesis in plants are severely affected by salt stress, resulting in abnormal plant growth and lower crop yield. The purpose of this investigation was to compare protein synthesis in three green bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) cultivars ('Tender Improved’, ‘Slim Green’, and ‘Kentucky Wonder') under normal (non‐saline) and salt stress with two sources of nitrogen (ammonium‐15N and nitrate‐15N separately). This comparison was achieved by using15N under normal (control = 0.3 bars osmotic pressure) and NaCl stress (3.0 bars osmotic pressure), in Hoagland nutrient solution, in a growth chamber. The 5‐day‐old green bean seedlings were grown for 5 additional days in one‐half strength Hoagland solution before and 5 days after the completion of salinization with NaCl. This was followed by a 15‐day15N uptake period after either (15NH4)2SO4or K15N03addition to the culture solutions for the ammonium‐15N or nitrate‐15N treatments, respectively. Plant tissues were analyzed for the crude protein and protein‐N (total and15N) contents. The crude protein and protein‐N (total and15N) content of all cultivars significantly decreased under stress conditions for both sources of nitrogen. However, the Tender Improved appeared the least and the Slim Green the most severely affected by salinity among the three cultivars. For all cultivars at each harvest, shoots were more adversely influenced than roots by salt stress when comparing the salinized plants with the controls for each plant part for either source of15N. The control (non‐salinized) plants contained substantially higher crude protein and protein‐N (total and15N) when treated with NO3‐N as compared with NH4‐N source of15N.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168909364042

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Root response mechanisms for acid soil tolerance adaptability are generally unknown. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] cultivars (Funk G522DR, GP140, SC599, TAM428, SC283, and SC574) were grown in white quartz flintshot sand and watered with 0.01M sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, or 6.0 and Ca++(0, 10, 100 mgl‐1as CaCl2) or Mn++(0, 1.4, or 140.0 mgl‐1as HnCl2). At the acid soil tolerance impact response phase (< 10 days old), Ca++did not influence initial root growth. Increased H+concentration inhibited juvenile root growth equivalently in all six cultivars. This inhibition was reversed by exogenous GA3in Funks G522DR but not in SC283 or SC574. Excess Mn++(140 mgl‐1) further decreased root growth. Induction of an auxinase inhibitor by GA3would support a hypothesis of H+concentration influence on IAA transport and/or availability. Root growth matched IAA water partitioning and exogenous IAA (10‐10and 10‐9M) reversed the H+concentration influence on root growth of SC283. We suggest that low pH (<4.8) soil influence on root growth is explicable as an influence on IAA synthesis and/or transport and that excess Mn++, which is known to induce IAA oxidation, further exacerbates the deleterious growing conditions.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168909364043

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168909364044

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Responses of the tropical legumes,Desmodium heterocarponandGalactia elliottii, to inoculation with rhizobia and fertilization with N and P were evaluated in greenhouse experiments. Although inoculation with rhizobia was effective in some instances, improvements in plant growth were not obtained in the presence of naturally occurring microbial populations on the Florida Spodosol soil. Phosphorus at 50 kg P/ha increased herbage and root growth ofG. elliottii, but not ofD. heterocarpon. Seedling growth responses to N indicate that high rates of N fertilization (in combination with heavy grazing) might be effectively used to enhance seedling vigor ofD. heterocarponoversown on bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168909364045

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor