摘要:

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] seedling (14‐day) shoot length, fresh weight, and dry weight were determined in plants grown in ‘white quartz flintshot’ sand and watered with 0.01 M sodium acetate at pH 6.0, 5.5, 5.0, 4.5, or 4.0 to which Mn2+(0, 1.4, 14.0, or 140.0 mg/Kg) was added. Cultivars evaluated were 38M, 58M, GP‐140, SC283, SC574, TAM428, and Funk G522DR. Numbers of plants visible above the ground line were influenced by excess H+and Mn2+but the influences on germination and emergence were small. Leaf length, fresh weight, and dry weight were markedly influenced by H+and excess Mn2+; and these responses in shoots were explicable as interacting influences on gibberellic acid biosyntheses and translocation.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904169309364588

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of several rates of KCl (0–1500 kg/ha) were compared with K2SO4at the equivalent K rate as 1500 kg/ha KCl on five commercial orchards of kiwifruit(Actinidia deliciosa[A. Chev] C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson var.deliciosacv. Hayward). Leaf breakdown (marginal leaf scorch followed by necrosis and leaf drop) was induced by KCl application at four of the five sites. The symptoms developed at leaf Cl concentrations of 1.5% dry weight and the severity of symptoms increased with leaf Cl concentrations. At another site, a zero K treatment was compared to several rates of KCl (300–1500 kg/ha) and K2SO4applied at equivalent rates of K in factorial combination with two N fertilizer rates. This site had received KCl and developed severe leaf breakdown in the previous season. Leaf Cl concentrations on the zero K and K2SO4treatments were higher in this experiment (1.7–2.1% dry weight) than at the other five experimental sites (0.6–1.3%), and at this site mild leaf breakdown symptoms developed on these treatments. Leaf N concentrations were greater, while leaf Cl concentrations and the severity of symptoms were less at the higher N rate. At all of the experimental sites that developed leaf breakdown symptoms, the severity of symptoms increased with the rate of KCl application and were significantly correlated to leaf Cl concentrations but not other leaf nutrient concentrations.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904169309364589

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Field studies were conducted over three years on Podzol soils in Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) on the effect of sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), and boron (B) fertilization on tissue nutrient concentration and potato yield. Leaf tissues were sampled at 10% bloom and again two weeks later for S, Ca, and B analysis. In the absence of S fertilization, S deficiency symptoms, as evidenced by lighter green foliage were found. The mean tuber yield response due to S addition was 1.1 (SE = 0.40) t/ha. Addition of S either as gypsum or magnesium sulfate was effective in overcoming the S deficiency symptoms and in increasing the S concentration in the leaves. Calcium and B additions did not affect the tuber yields. While Ca applications were ineffective in increasing the Ca concentration in the leaf tissue, B applications significantly increased the leaf tissue B concentration in both samplings. The interaction effects between S, Ca, and B were not significant on any of the components tested. Data indicated that 0.25 to 0.27 and 0.28 to 0.32% S in potato leaves were in the S deficiency and sufficiency range, respectively. This is the first documented case of S deficiency in the field in P.E.I. Potatoes and possibly other crops should be monitored for S‐deficiency symptoms and S levels in plant tissues should be recorded to detect any trends.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904169309364590

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Although sunflower(Helianthus annusL.) is an Fe efficient plant, tumorous crown gall tissue development and tissue ability to reduce Fe3+to Fe2+were both diminished by Fe‐deficiency stress. Crown gall also develops readily on Fe‐efficient and Fe‐inefficient tomato cultivars(Lycopersicon esculentumMill.). The objective of this study was to determine if the effect of a limited Fe supply on the growth, nutrition and reduction of Fe3+to Fe2+by tumorous crown gall would differ between Fe‐efficient T3238FER and Fe‐inefficient T3238fer tomato. Healthy green 25‐day‐old plants were either stem‐inoculated withAgrobacterium tumefaciensto induce tumorous crown gall tissue development or were left uninoculated for comparison. Plants were grown in modified Hoagland nutrient solutions containing 0.0, 0.15, 0.6 and 2.0 mg Fe L−1. Yield of tumorous crown gall tissue was not diminished by low solution Fe in T3238FER, but was in T3238fer. This was attributed to inability of the T3238fer tomato to make Fe available to itself. Tumor tissue from both cultivars contained more Fe, Cu and P than normal stem tissues, which confirms a modified metabolism in these tissues previously observed in sunflower. An abundant supply of Fe enhances the development and growth of the tumorous crown gall tissue, but a deficient supply of Fe retards its growth.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904169309364591

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

For dicots, bicarbonate (HCO3‐) is regarded as a main factor in the induction of iron (Fe) chlorosis in calcareous soils, and sand and solution culture. In sand culture experiments, peach [Prunus persica(Batsch) L.] rootstock developed chlorosis only when HCO3‐ levels were equal to or higher than 6 mM. Above this level, chlorosis increaeed as HCO3‐ level was increased. In spite of the lack of chlorosis at to or below 6 mM of HCO3‐, large growth reductions (40–60% reduction in fresh shoot weight) were seen in all rootstocks, although the tolerant rootstock had less reduction than the more susceptible rootstocks. Shoot growth was affected by HCO3‐ more than was root growth.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904169309364592

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) on growth, internal ion content, and proton release of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL. cv. Enano) and jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis(Link) Schneid.] roots was studied in order to understand the relationship between the above parameters and salt tolerance. The increase in sodium (Na) ions concentration and the decrease in calcium (Ca) ion concentration in sunflower roots grown in the presence of 50 mM NaCl, relative to control without added NaCl, run parallel to the reduction in growth capacity and in hydrogen (H) ion extrusion activity. However, while the rate of growth was not affected by the addition of Ca to a culture medium containing 50 mM NaCl, H‐ion extrusion activity was reversed, reaching a similar value to that of the roots cultivated in deionized water or in 25 mM NaCl. In jojoba, a reduction of root growth at 100 and 150 mM NaCl was observed, while no significant effects on Ca and potassium (K) contents and on H‐ion extrusion activity were found. These results indicate that proton extrusion and Ca concentration could probably be correlated with sunflower root growth. Moreover, in jojoba roots the lack of a clear correlation between growth, Ca content, and proton extrusion suggest a response to NaCl treatments at a relatively low and stable rate of physiological functions rather than an active mechanism being involved.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904169309364593

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Diagnostic nutrient norms for banana using the critical value approach have been established in different countries under a wide range of environmental conditions. Because these norms were identified through a curve representing the relationship of plant composition and yield, their application becomes limited to the conditions from which they were established. To minimize the effect of environment and ensure that norms would have a wider application, the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System was used to establish nutrient norms for banana. A data bank consisting of 915 observations from 26 published and unpublished sources was assembled. DRIS norms were established from the high yielding population with a yield >70 t/ha, and compared with critical values obtained from published sources. Except for K and its ratios and products with other nutrients, DRIS norms were very similar to the average critical values. The validity of DRIS norms and their superiority over the critical values in making correct diagnosis were partly confirmed in a single fertilizer experiment but further testing in field factorial experiments is needed.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904169309364594

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

There has never been an intensive study of the sulfur (S) nutrition of cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL.) when grown under field conditions. Field studies were conducted on two non‐irrigated soils to evaluate the S‐uptake characteristics of four selected cotton cultivars that are representative of those produced in the Southern United States. Four cultivars with diverse genetic backgrounds, Deltapine 90, Coker 315, Paymaster 145, and Stoneville 825 were grown on a Norfolk fine sandy loam (fine loamy, siliceous, thermic, Typic Kandiudults) and a Decatur silt loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic, Rhodic Paleudults). Whole plants were collected at two‐week intervals over the growing season starting at 15 days after planting. The plants were partitioned into leaves, stems, burs, seed, and lint, and analyzed (except for lint) for S. Total S uptake when averaged over both soils and all four cultivars was 20.4 (±9.4) kg/ha [or 2.7 (±0.7) kg S per 100 kg lint produced]. Sulfur uptake on the Norfolk soil (15.6 (±8.5) kg/ha) was lower compared to the Decatur soil [25.1 (±7.9) kg/ha]. There were no cultivar differences in total S uptake on the Norfolk soil, but total S uptake on the Decatur soil was affected by the interaction between sampling date and cultivar. The concentration of S and S uptake by some plant parts were affected by the interaction between sampling date and cultivar, however, cultivar differences were not consistent among soils or over the growing season. Maximum daily accumulation of S occurred during the final two week sampling period at the end of the growing season (cumulative heat unit 1193–1444) during which an average of 29.5% of the total S was accumulated.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904169309364595

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

With the reduction of sulfur levels in high‐analysis nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers and in atmospheric deposition, sulfur (S) fertilization may become more important, especially with intensive cropping systems. When high clay content is likely to limit root development into the subsoil, low extractable sulfate‐sulfur (SO4‐S) levels in the topsoil may suggest possible plant response to S fertilization. Even though ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] is widely used and readily available for plant uptake, field data are limited on the use of (NH4)2SO4as an S source for soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. A study was initiated to determine the effect of S fertilization as (NH4)2SO4on: (i) the yield, seed weight, grain quality, and leaf and whole‐plant nutrient concentrations of four soybean cultivars grown on soils with high clay content subsoils; and (ii) selected soil chemical characteristics. Sulfur rates were 0, 28, 56, and 84 kg/ha, and soybean cultivars were two Maturity Group IV beans, DeSoto and Douglas, and two Maturity Group V beans, Bay and Essex.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904169309364596

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] cultivars were planted in 8 cm × 8 cm × 8 cm pots filled with ‘white quartz flintshot’ sand containing 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg metolachlor [2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐ethyl‐6‐methylphenyl)‐N‐(2 methoxy‐1‐methylethyl)acetamide] and the pots were watered on alternate days with 100 mL 0.1 M sodium acetate at pH 6.0, 5.5, 5.0, 4.5, or 4.0 to determine the influence of excess H+and metolachlor concentrations on sorghum root growth. Cultivars utilized were Funk G522DR, SC574, SC283, GP‐10, 58M, and 38M. At pH 4.5 and 4.0 (0 metolachlor), root lengths of Funk G522DR and SC574 were significantly decreased compared to roots from plants grown at pH 6.0. The other four cultivars had decreased root growth at pH 4.0 (0 metolachlor). Metolachlor influence on sorghum cultivar root growth was dependent on pH, cultivar, and metolachlor concentration. None of the cultivars showed increased metolachlor activity which was influenced by pH. Metolachlor (0.25 mg/kg) reversed the influence of excess H+concentration (pH 4.0) in SC574. Metolachlor (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ppmw) reversed the excess H+concentration inhibition of root growth at pH 4.0 in Funk G522DR.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904169309364597

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor