摘要:

AbstractThe addition of as little as 2 ppb of manganese to ferrocyanide‐treated beet molasses during citric acid fermentation byAspergillus nigerNRC A‐1‐233 caused a 10% reduction in acid yield and undesirable change in the morphology of the organism from the normal pelletlike form to the filamentous from. Still smaller additions (0.4‐2ppb) caused undesirable pellet clumping, while greater additions (2‐100 ppb) gave further decreases in yield. The yield obtained at 100 ppb was less than 25% of that obtained at 1 ppb or less. None of the other metals tested (Al3+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) visibly changed pellet morphology, and only Al3+, Fe2+, and Zn2+at relatively higher concentrations (5–25ppm) reduced acid yield. The adverse effect of manganese on growth and acid production was not affected by addition of the o

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260080402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn improved system is presented for measurement of interactions between a number of individual bacterial species. In the procedure, steady‐state populations are fed into a common‐mixed‐culture vessel. Generation times of each species are determined under these conditions and contrasted with generation time in an identical situation in pure culture. Populations for generation time are determined with the aid of differential media. The mechanical system includes three types of peristaltic pumps for media feed and a unit for measurement, recording, and/or control of pH. A new type of anaerobic continuous‐culture vessel which can be inoculated, sampled, and fed continuously is also described. A functional test of a three‐part system includingStreptococcus salivarius,Veilloncella alcalescens, andStaphylococcus aureusis presented. An unusual feature was the finding that, under certain conditions, the generation time ofS. Salivariuswas less th

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260080403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Meta‐Stat gas monitor, a component instrument which automatically monitors and controls the pH and gas content of the liquid phase in suspension cell‐culture systems, has been developed to provide continuous pH control within ± 0.015 units, as well as continuous oxygen control within 0.5% of the preset level in the range of 0–

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260080404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPolysaccharide gum was made by fermentation withXanthomonas campestrisNRRL B‐1459 in a medium of glucose, minerals, and distillers' solubles. The effect of distillers' solubles on growth rate can be described by the familiar saturation equation. Although a quasistoichiometric relationship was observed between nitrogen utilization and growth, total nitrogen supply was not growth limiting, nor was polymer formation growth associated. Cell growth primarily took place in the early part of the fermentation; polysaccharide biosynthesis occurred throughout the fermentation. Glucose was converted to polysaccharide at a fairly constant yield, which was 70–80% of glucose consumed, under optimum conditions. The kinetic patterns observed indicate that multistage continuous fermentation will be suitable for polysaccharide product

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260080405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOxygen Utilization as a scale‐up parameter is evaluated in two antibiotic‐producing fermentations. This method of scale‐up was used in tank‐to‐tank and in flash‐to‐flash scale‐up studies. Antibiotic yields and cell weight trends were generally duplicated in the replicate runs, with some discrepancy noted in chlortetracycline yields at high aeration levels. The apparatus for measuring oxygen consumption rates and for automatically controlling oxygen utilization, according to a predetermined patter

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260080406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe requirements of the continuous analysis of effluent gas streams from aerated flash and tank fermentors are described, as are instrumental devices for measuring the oxygen and carbon dioxide content of fermentor gases. The use of a specially designed sequential gas sample for monitoring four fermentations simultaneously and a system for precise control of low air flow and pressure is explained. Equations for calculating carbon dioxide production or oxygen consumption rates and respiratory quotients are given. A discussion of the operating characteristics of a device for automatic translation of aeration data between fermentors is presented.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260080407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA stable mixed yeast culture designated as Culture 4, consisting ofCandida intermediaandCandida lipolyticawas investigated. The culture was judged stable based on uniformity of fermentation results and the nearly constant ratio of the two organisms at the completion of fermentations. However, the ratio of the two organisms at different times during the fermentation was not determined. The mixed culture grew more rapidly onn‐alkanes than didC. intermedia;C. lipolyticadid not grow on unsupplemented mineral salt–n‐alkane medium. Solidn‐alkanes were dissolved in 2,6,0,14‐tetramethylpentadecane (pristane) for investigation as carbon sources. With Culture 4, onn‐alkanes ranging from pentadecane (C15) through octacosane (C28), cell yields were 74.2–89.5%; generation times were 3.0–8.0 hr. during the exponential growth phase. The fastest growth rates and highest cell yields were obtained with docosane (C22) as substrate. The cells obtained contained 6.75–8.81% nitrogen and 1.9–13.4% lipid. Crude protein yields were 34.4–47.6%. The oxidation ofn‐alkanes byC. intermediawas studied manometrically with resting whole cells. The alkaneoxidizing system of this organism appears to be constitutive and nonspecifi

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260080408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA mixed yeast culture (Culture 4) was grown on representative gas oil samples as well as paraffin wax. Culture 4 was found to utilizen‐paraffinic hydrocarbons almost quantitatively from most gas oil fractions; significant alteration of other hydrocarbon components was not detected. Generation times of 4.0–9.0hr. were typical during the exponential growth phase in fermentations with various gas oil fractions. Cell yields were 70–90% based onn‐paraffin utilization. The culture appeared to exhibit maximum efficiency ofn‐alkane removal in the C19to C24range. The cells recovered from the fermentations contained 8.8–9.3% nitrogen. Paraffin wax also served as a suitable carbon source when dissolved in 2,6,10,14‐tertramethylpentadecane (pristane). However, substrate utilization appeared to

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260080409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBiological systems can be used in three types of fuel cell: depolarization (or concentration) cell, product cell, and redox cell. The possibilities and theoretical limitations of each type of cell have been considered in terms of the metabolic activities of microorganisms and the coupling of these to electrochemical systems. The use of cell extracts and enzymes, particularly in an insoluble form, has been discussed.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260080410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260080411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY