摘要:

AbstractThe efficiency of lipid synthesis by ethanol‐grown yeasts is characterized using the coefficient of the lipid energetic yield (η1). This coefficient is defined as the fraction of energy in an organic substrate that is converted to lipids. The advantages of η1compared with the “fat coefficient” (Fs) as well as the biomass energetic yield (η) compared withYsare d

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260250702

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResults obtained in a 120 liter 2 m high UASB‐reactor with raw domestic sewage and using a granular sugar beet waste cultivated seed sludge, reveal the feasibility of this type of anaerobic treatment for domestic sewage. Under dry weather conditions 65‐85% COD reduction can be achieved at temperatures in the range of 8‐20°C and at hydraulic loads as high as 2 m3· m−3· day−1. In the case of heavy rainfall the COD‐reduction drops to 50‐70% and occasionally, viz.at very low influent COD, even below 50%. The net methane production amounts to 7.1‐7.3 m3· PE−1· year−1, and the excess sludge production ranges form 5.0‐8.6 kg TS · PE−1· year−1. Regarding the results obtained anaerobic treatment of raw sewage not only looks an attractive proposition for tropic areas but

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260250703

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEmulsan, the extracellular bioemulsifier ofAcinetobacterRAG‐1, bound up to 0.9 μm of uranium per 1 mg emulsan. The dissociation constant for the emulsan‐uranium complex,K appIwas 1.2 × 10−4M. Much larger amounts of uranium were bound to emulsan when the biopolymer occurred on hexadecane‐water interfaces. Under these conditions, more than 3.5 µm uranium were bound per 1 mg emulsan and the dissociation constantK appIIwas 5.1 × 10−5M. At pH 2, more than 90% of the uranium bound to emulsan on the hexadecane‐water interface was desorbed, while less than 10% bioemulsifier was released from the interface. The different binding parameters of emulsan when free in solution and while adsorbed onto the hexadecane water interface are discussed in view of potential applications and as a model system for studying the properties of an extracellular amphipathic polymer bound to a

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260250704

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVarious yeasts such as two strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces diastaticus, andKluyveromyces marxianuswere investigated for their ability to ferment fodder beet juice to alcohol. Juice extracted from fodder beet roots without any additives was used as a fermentation substrate. The fermentation kinetic parameters were determined and compared for each species of yeast tested. The best species for fodder beet juice fermentation was chosen and products obtained by fermentation of one hectare of fodder beet plants are given.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260250705

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of the inability of suspension‐feeding protozoa to collect bacteria over the whole range of sizes in the bacterial size distribution were examined by constructing mathematical models based on this assumption. Systems of suspension‐feeding protozoa grown on both growing and nongrowing bacteria were examined in both batch and continuous culture. The models were able to predict three experimental observations common in such systems. Some additional features of the systems which should be useful in interpreting results of experiments with suspension feeding protozoa and in designing new experiments were predicted, a

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260250706

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPulses of several nonreacting solutes were fed to a column containing immobilized enzyme catalyst beads. The response curves were recorded, and their first and second moments were determined by numerical integration. From the moment analysis, the void volume, internal porosity, and tortuosity of the support were calculated.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260250707

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA high phosphate accumulating bacterium,Arthrobacter globiformisPAB‐6, was grown in a chemostat under glucose‐limitation. Two different growth patterns at steady state with various dilution rates were obtained. In one case, cells having a coccus shape tended to washout at a low dilution rate, 0.2 (h−1). In another, cells with a rod shape grew faster and gave a good steady‐state growth at a dilution rate of 0.4. Such a close relationship between growth rate and cell morphology was found both in continuous and batch cultures. The amount of phosphate uptake per cell mass was almost constant irrespective of the dilution rate, but the rate of the uptake was maximum at about the dilution rate of 0.4. A clone of PAB‐6 was isolated from the continuous culture with high dilution rate and had maximum specific growth rate of 0.7 in a simple glucosesa

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260250708

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method suitable for large‐scale isolation of β‐galactosidase from a suspension of disintegratedE. colicells has been developed. In an aqueous two‐phase system consiting of PEG 6000 and potassium phosphate, all cell debris and the major part of the proteins and nucleic acids were partitioned to the denser salt phase. Seventy‐five percent of the β‐galactosidase was recovered in the lighter PEG phase, giving a purification ratio

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260250709

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOocystissp., a unicellular green alga, contained two glutamate dehydrogenase isoenzymes: one was specific for NADH and the other for NADPH. Activity staining after gel electrophoresis indicated that one component in NADH‐GDH was not specific for the cofactor and three components in NADPH‐GDH. The optimal concentration of substrate, purification procedure and kinetic properties of both glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzymesin vitroare presented. The kinetics of growth, nutrient removal and enzyme activities forOocystisgrowing in wastewater showed that ammonia was preferentially utilized over nitrate and the medium was depleted before the maximum population was obtained in indoor culture. There was a sharp increase in NADPH‐GDH activity following the exhaustion of ammonia from the medium but NADH‐GDH activity remained unchanged. The NADPH‐GDH activity at the outset increased exponentially with time in greenhouse culture but then decreased sharply accompained by a rapid increase in biomass and nitrite concentration. TheKmvalues for ammonia in this algal GDH was high, while glutamate synthase activity was not detected; this suggests thatOocystismay adapt to conditions of ammonia limitation by producing large quantities of NADPH‐GDH instead of using glutamate synth

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260250710

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe heat evolution rate was measured in continuous culture ofEscherichia colik‐12 on glucose‐limiting medium. The specific heat production rate based on the dry cell mass increased in proportion to increase of dilution rate. The specific heat production rate based on a viable cell increased nonlinearly because the cell size varied in each dilution rate. Several thermochemical data were calculated for each dilution rate from the stoichiometric equation which was derived from elementary analysis of the cells. Growth yields based on energy measured directly was found to be less influenced by dilution rate than the growth yield based on consumed glucose. This suggested that the energy efficiency of utilization of catabolic energy for anabolism was almost const

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260250711

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY