摘要:

AbstractConventional sources of protein cannot meet the present or projected needs for human consumption. Single cell proteins from fermentation of petroleum and cellulosic wastes are likely sources of additional protein. The volume of cellulosic wastes is sufficient to supply all additional protein needs on a continuing basis for cellulose is a renewable resource. Both mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms utilize cellulose at reasonable rates. Biodegradation of lignin and lignin–cellulose complexes constitutes a major obstacle to commercial utilization of cellulosic wastes. Thermophilic actinomyces appear to be the most effective organisms for single cell protein production from cellulosic waste

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160702

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpirulina maxima, a high protein alga, was grown in effluents from the London municipal waste treatment plant. Optimum growth conditions were developed, the composition of algae and the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in effluents were studied. The advantages of this process in tertiary waste‐water treatment and the quality of the single cell protein were investigate

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160703

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe immobilization of glucose oxidase and catalase by adsorption within the pores of controlled‐pore titania has yielded a remarkably stable enzyme system. Catalase apparently acts as both a stabilizer and an activator for glucose oxidase within the pores of this material. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations and flow rates have a marked effect upon the apparent activity of the immobilized enzyme system. The carrier parameters were varied to obtain optimum loading and stability informatio

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160704

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe intrusion of diffusion in heterogeneous enzyme reactions, which follow. Michaelis‐Menten kinetics, is quantitatively characterized by dimensionless parameters that are independent of the substrate concentration. The effects of these parameters on the overall rate of reaction is illustrated on plots commonly employed in enzyme kinetics. The departure from Michaelis‐Menten kinetics due to diffusion limitations can be best assessed by using Hofstee plots which are also suitable to distinguish between internal and external transport effects. A graphical method is described for the evaluation of the reaction rate as a function of the surface concentration of the substrate from measured d

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160705

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNAD was covalently linked to Sepharose‐4B using a 6 carbon spacer. Sterile, dialyzed spent culture medium containing 100 Lf/ml of diphtheria toxin or material concentrated by (NH4)2SO4precipitation containing 1500 Lf/ml, was chromatographed on a column of NAD–Sepharose. Ultraviolet absorbing material which did not flocculate with diphtheria antitoxin was eluted with 0.02Mphosphate buffer. When the elation buffer was changed to one containing 0.5MNaCl, purified toxin was eluted off the col

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160706

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOxygen supply is one of the main factors which influences aerobic cell growth in a fermentor. Maximal rates at whichE. colican grow on glucose as carbon source under various limiting oxygen‐supply conditions were determined in a bench‐scale fermentor. Culture conditions are described which gave yields of about 38 g dry cells per liter med

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160707

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstractβ‐galactosidase fromE. coli(β‐D‐galactose galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) has been entrapped in a crosslinked 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate gel with a 35% retention of activity. The kinetic behavior of the gel‐entrapped enzyme has been studied in a recirculation reactor system, the substrate beingo‐nitrophenyl‐βhyphen;D‐ galactopyranoside. Kinetic constants were determined for particle sizes ranging from 69 to 231 μm in diameter and compared to those of the free enzyme. External diffusion effects were eliminated by operating at high recirculation flow rates. A fourfold increase inKm(app)was observed for the 231 μm particles, consistent with existing theoretical treatments for internal diffusion effects.An Arrhenius plot of rate data showed significant curvature at higher temperatures, which was attributed to the effects of internal diffusion. The pH–activity profile of the gel‐entrapped enzyme was bell‐shaped at high substrate concentration and, in contrast to the free enzyme, could be fitted to the titration curve of two ionizable groups, a basic group having a pKof 8.6. The gel‐entrapped enzyme had a higher pH optimum and retained a larger percentage of its maximal activity at alkaline pH than the free enzyme; its pH stability at high pH was also much better.The thermal stability of the gel‐entrapped enzyme was studied and found to be 14 d

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160708

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe yeastCandida tropicalisutilizes both glucose and hydrocarbons as sole carbon sources. When grown on hydrocarbons, the cells contain twice as much lipid as when grown on glucose. In transient continuous culture experiments, following a substrate change from glucose to hexadecane, an adaption phase occurred. During this phase the lipid concentration per cell increased greatly. It is proposed that a high cellular lipid concentration is necessary for hydrocarbon assimilation, and this is not just a reflection of the lipophilic nature of the substrate.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160709

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160710

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160711

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY